318 20 77903 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 26.04.1869 Proper date: 26.04.1869 Description An account of the resource 2 members of the community have left for Ada - Emmanuel Osabude and Lydia Mamle. Osabude was a key member of the congregations and will be much missed. There are also two, perhaps three, serious catechumen. One is an ex-mason-apprentice of Felzer, another a former servant of Br. Müller. The third is more doubtful — the wife of the Anum Christian Johannes Ahyima. She attends instruction because her husband wants her to, but Ramseyer hopes that as more and more is explained to her in Guan (Ramseyer uses the name, explaining that it is a sort of Kyerepong language), she will come to want baptism for herself. The school continues to consist of their 7 servants only - along with a separate class for three small girls who also work for them on the station. No preaching tour has been possible, but street preaching is regularly carried on in the three quarters of the Anum itself. Of the seven servants, one is especially gifted - Joseph, a boy with a crooked back. There was some talk of him going to Akropong, but he is rather weak, and he is very useful in the life of the station, a potential monitor, and a successful interpreter. In the preceding months they suffered the quite open theft of 3 boxes of trade goods by the people of the village of Sokote. The Sokote story is that an Anglo owes them 862 dollars. On one occasion when they were panyarring an Anglo man on account of this debt, Chr. Rottmann offered to act as an intermediary to secure return of the debt, and they agreed. But nothing has ever happened about it, so they seized three boxes of Basel Mission merchandise - Chr. Rottmann's promise being two years old. Ramseyer reports that the ‘King’ of Ho, after at first seeming willing to get the boxes returned, later withdrew completely from the affair - each little village has its own chief, so one has to deal directly. On Ramseyer's vigorous protests in Sokote, the people who had actually committed the theft began to threaten that they would steal the consignment he actually had with him. But an Accra man 'who seemed to enjoy a lot of respect in the village' persuaded them not to do this, and indeed, since then traffic has been able to pass through Sokote unmolested. The war situation is worsening. The Ashantis (or better, the tribes on the right bank of the Volta who are vessels of the Ashantis) seem to definitely want to help the Akwamus. It is mostly a matter of merchants who want to see the blocking of ways at an end. They heard from Br. Binder in Anyako that these Ashantis had sent an embassy to the Anglos to try to persuade them to involve themselves in the war, and for a time it seemed that this would happen, but there is an unresolved quarrel with some Ashantis, and this has is keeping Anglo out of the war. They were happy at the thought that this would keep their route to the coast open, but the last post came with the report that the Anglos have set up a camp half way between Anyako and Waya, and that the road will certainly be blocked there. Br. Kühne will be able to tell them more when he arrives. Meantime they have been receiving requests for assistance from Dompre, and the 'Kings' of Anum, Posu, and Peki. Requests made in February were simply turned down. Then Dompre received a letter from Administrator Simpson which was read for him by the missionaries. This was dated Odumase, 8th March, and reported that he had been in Akwamu, that he had wanted to come further to Anum, but had been prevented by the impertinent Akwamus who had held him prisoner for two days. He wanted to speak with Dompre, but since he (Dompre) could not leave his important camp, he was sending him this letter to say that there were 5,000 Asantes in Akwamu. Ramseyer adds three exclamation marks): that he had written to the Aaantehene to tell him to command these people to return to Asante: and he also told the Akwamuhene that if he was helped in the war by these Asantes, the he (the Administrator) would call the whole Crepe nation to arms. The letter also mentioned the possibility of help (presumably for Dompre). Naturally enough this letter gave Dompre an inflated idea of his own importance, and not long after the Anum 'King' sent a message asking for 400 heads of cowries (Ramseyer gives the equivalent as 160 dollars). When the request was refused a second embassy was sent: and then a third which threatened that the King would withdraw from the missionaries the service of all their servants, and would also prevent people selling them food or fetching them water. In this situation they decided to hand over 80 heads, trying to make the distinction between paying tax for the war (which they did not want to do) and having money extorted from them, which was how they preferred to view the situation. Since then they have had no actual requests, though they knew that Dompre is threatening severe sanctions if they it do not respond to a request he is going to make. A Subscript by Schrenk dated 17th May reports that the whole colony is in uproar at the Asante threat. The Administrator is for war: Schrenk fears that the Administrator is a man who will risk the ruin of the colony in the cause of his own personal advancement, and that hard times could be in store for Anum. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.IX..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.IX. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Ramseyer to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 21.06.1869 Proper date: 21.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Reports the arrival that afternoon of the missionaries Hornberger and Müller from Waya. The station at Ho is totally deserted. A Ho or Peki man who has escaped from Asante captivity reports seeing the Anum missionaries bound in an Asante camp. Br. Binder has travelled to see what can be done for the freeing of the Anum mission rise through the mediation of the Anglo chiefs, who are friendly with Asante. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VIII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VIII. - Ada Title A name given to the resource Letter from Chr. Rottmann (written in Keta) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 06.04.1869 Proper date: 06.04.1869 Description An account of the resource Material to the relations with Akwamu and Asante: Chief Cloko Patu of Yilosi, and a number of Gas and Akwapims (among them, some so-called educated people, have accused the King's sons; and even him (Zimmermann), in the African Times, of being in league with the Akwamus and the Asante army which has been in Akwamu for several months. The root of this is the resentment of a warlike party in the state that, according to the orders of the Governor, they had not stopped trade being carried on mainly by Ga merchants and the Asantes through the state's territory. On account of this they had several times been threatened by Akropong, the paths closed to them on several occasions, and some Krobos plundered. This letter also contains a long and hostile report on Simpson's expedition to Akwamu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..1 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 30.06.1869 Proper date: 30.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Since his thoughts are dominated by the thought of the uncertain fate of Ho and Anum mission stations and their personnel, he is writing about the background to the catastrophe. After Simpson's visit for some time there was no news of the Asantes, the Akwamus, movements on the part of Protectorate tribes, or the of the Government. Governor Kennedy appears to have left Sierra Leone in this period, leaving Governor Glover of Lagos, an energetic military men, in his place. Governor Glover came as far as Battor in his little steamer last year, with Governor Kennedy: as well. The Cape Coast Governor was not with them, which apparently annoyed Kennedy, and would help to explain the lack of Government action since. Then two months ago news came from Krobo's northern frontier (which lies towards the Afram) and from the middle Volta (i.e. the Akwamu section). It appeared that the 5000 Asantes who seem to have been in Akwamu for a long time had been joined by 5000 more. Previously they had been in Kwahu - one days' march North West of Gyadam — under the command of the General of the whole Asante army. This group sent to tell the Krobos and Akwapoms that they had no war with them — and the Krobos and Akwapims allowed them to pass their territory unhindered. They did, however, report this movement to the King of Accra and to the Government. They received no instructions from the Governor. The King of Accra sent to say that they should send him either the Asantes or their heads. This had been forbidden by Governor Simpson, however, and in any case the Krobos had no wish to attack such a strong force unearth: alone, when they had a two—days' march long bush frontier to defend. They sent the reply to the King of Accra that they must be sent munitions or money to prepare themselves, and if they had these would be ready to attack when joined by a Ga army, and given the Governors instructions to do so. No reply was received to this message. The King's sons (for, unfortunately, the King's successor Sakite has not yet been formally installed) sent to tell the Asantes and Akwamus that that if they attacked Ayigbe ('Anum, Pekyi etc') that would be treated as an attack on the tribes on this side of the river also, and these, and the Akyem leader Dopmre, would attack them. If they did take Anum, the kings' sons asked protection for the missionaries, because the missionaries make war with no-one, and had already done much good. The Asantes sent to say in reply that the Asantehene had commanded them to protect the missionaries especially because they had saved the life of an Asante (Zimmermann comments this refers to Br. Schönhuth in Pese). They had also drunk fetish to the same effect with the Akwamus. But the missionaries (Zimmermann glosses that this means themselves) should apply to the head of the Asante force and the King of Akwamu on behalf of the missionaries in the threatened area; Zimmermann interprets this as meaning, 'send them gifts'. At which Zimmermann said to the Odumase kings' sons that he was not prepared to do this, since this would give them the appearance of traitors, and they were already suspected of acting a traitor’s role by their enemies in Akwapim and Accra. Naturally Ziummermann wrote all these rumours down in detail for the brethren in Osu and Akropong. Earlier, he had written down everything he had heard for the use of the brethren in Anum. Then came the report from Osu and Akropong that the Civil Commandant, Capt. Russel, had promised to act in the matter, and Mader and Schrenk thereupon asked him to prepare a rough sketch map of the Volta to assist him in his planning. Zimmermann did this - with the remark that it was only what he knew, not containing any specific advice. He promised to reply, but has not done so. It is said that the Governor has given King Takye of Accra (his predecessor had deposed him and deprived him of all rights) £500 to send 1000 men to support Donmpre and the Ayigbes, but that he has only sent 30, and they are still hanging around in Battor. The Osu people are also supposed to have received ammunition to pass on to the Krobos, and the Krobos have been given a promise that ammunition is coming, but so far none has arrived. Meantime news came that the Asantes and Akwamus had marched against Ayigbe (this was 4-5 weeks before the report was written) and that it would come to a battle. The kings' sons offered to go to the support of the Anum brothers either through Akwamu or by some other route. The missionaries could not allow them to do this, since any day might bring a declaration of war, and therefore new accusations of being traitors. Even the own Ga and Twi workers were becoming unsettled, and were urging either that the Asante peace messengers and Asante traders should be imprisoned or executed. A few days later came the rumour that the Asante-Akwamu army had returned to its quarters and that the King of Pekyi did not want to be involved in a war, but would rather serve Asante than Akwamu - which the Asantes would not agree to. Food supplies in Akwamu, which produces almost nothing for itself were very short, the Akwamus almost cleaned out by the Asantes, and quarrels developing between them. Krobo farms on the borders were being plundered for food, Asantes were being taken captive by the Krobos on this account, and war between Krobo and Asante began to seem very likely. From Dauromadam, which has not, however, been touched by them - you can see the Asante camp fires on the other side of the Volta, and hear their shouts. However, neither Krobo, Akwapim, Accra, nor the British government made any move. For 8-10 days everything was quiet again, then suddenly came to the rumour that without raising their swords the Asantes, Anum, Pekyi and Abotia (a town 4 hours west of Ho) had captured. The missionaries reported it to Accra and Akropong hardly believing the news - but their letter crossed with the news coming from Keta. Ayigbe was attacked simultaneously from the south-west by an Asante-Akwamu army 12-15,000 strong, and from the north east by another Asante army which crossed the Volta north of Anum. They now control the towns of Abutia, Anum, Pekyi, Bose, Barrima etc. The first two towns named were quite abandoned by their people, and were captured by two sepsrate sections of the Asante—Akwamu army. It was the advanced guard of the part of the army with which the Akwamu king is marching which took Anum. This is mostly composed of rough Donko-slaves. These people went up to the station, met the missionaries’ servants and a number of refugees totalling 40, immediately took them prisoner and shot some of them. Thereupon they took the missionaries prisoner and plundered the house. At this stage the King of Akwamu was in his headquarters either in Anum, or in the village of Khakubew. When the missionaries heard the news, he brought the three missionaries under his protection, otherwise they would have been killed. Sadly there is no news of the Ramseyer's child. They are now said to be with the King of Akwamu in camp at Tongu, east of Pekyi, unharmed, but Fr. Ramseyer is said to be very much afraid, since so many people have already been killed. Anum stood empty when it was captured, and after taking it this part of the Asante army moved east to Pekyi. They found Pekyi partly deserted, partly in flames, for it is said that the head of the Asante army himself warned the Pekyis of their coming, for which he was put in chains by one of the king’s sons serving under him, and some other Asante leaders, and handed over to the Akwamuhene. Nevertheless they apparently took 500 prisoners in Pekyi. In Anum the station and the town are intact. The army's main ambition now was to get hold of Dompre in order to send him or his head to the Asantehene. Dompre is a refugee from Asante, and a brother of his is in the Asante army. Dompre, however, withdrew to the east with the Anum—Pekyi army. Up to this point Zimmermann's information was mainly from a slave of an Asante, sold to a Krobo, and an eyewitness of the war who had arrived in Odumase 3 days previously. The next news had arrived the day the letter was written, and had come across the lower Volta. The second Asante army is said to have advanced from Akwamu eastwards across the inhabited lands to Abotia which they found deserted. At Sokote, however, there was a fight with the inhabitants which worked out unfavourably for them, after which the force moved on Ho, where the three towns were found deserted, and in flames; found the two Bremen missionaries on the station, plundered the station without damaging missionaries or buildings, and withdrew southwards towards Adaklu and Ways in order to link up with the Anglos. The Anglos, however, perhaps out of fear of English warships, and because of their worries about the Agotimes, do not seem to have hurried to join them. The existence of this second force would explain why, area even though the Ramseyers wanted to flee to Ho, they could not: while the Ho missionaries who wanted to leave were able to get at least as far as Waya. This sums up what he has heard so far. Zimmermann has attempted to send the captured missionaries a letter via the Akwamuhene, asking the latter for news, and for permission for them to write themselves. The head of the Akwamu forward posts this side of the river gave grounds for hope that they will hear today or tomorrow. He also told the missionaries are well. The missionaries, and the king's sons, must be careful, however, not to be regarded as traitors treating with the enemy, even though the Colonial Government has not declared war, and even though there is little excitement among the tribes in the Protectorate. He will be guided by the Missions Executive Committee on the Gold Coast as to exactly how far he should go in trying to free the prisoners without the Government's active permission. (There is an passage on the weakness of the English colonial government). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 01.07.1869 Proper date: 01.07.1869 Description An account of the resource The letter is accompanied by a sketch map. Reports news which, he says, is obviously from Akwamu sources, and though too good to be completely true nevertheless came from sources he feels are reliable. According to these, the Asante-Akwamu army divided into two at the Labo, one group taking the Abotia-Ho route, although according to this news Ho was not plundered. While the Akwamuhene moved direct on Pekyi, a section of Asantes in the same part of the army went to Anum, burned the town, and arrived at the mission station just as the Ramseyers were laying the table. They broke into Br. Kuhne's room - he tried to resist them, whereupon he was roughly handled, and the group began to plunder the Station. As soon sent the Akwamuhene heard this news he took the missionaries under his protection, and part of their property has also been rescued. Their servants have not been harmed, and no-one has been killed among the group of Ga refugees with them. The Station has been shut up and handed over to the care of the chief of Pese — whom the missionaries know, and who is a sensible and energetic man - and an Asante chief. The cotton store is under their control. The missionaries — including the little Ramseyer child - are well, suffer no wants, are attended by their servants, and with the Akwamuhene in Pekyi. The scenes of murder and pillage are not being conducted before their eyes. The Akwamuhene apparently regards them as potential hostages to use in staving off the danger of a Ga attack. Dompre made a night attack on the Asantes at Pekyi: the next day they attacked him three times taking many prisoners. The quarrel over the Asante general and his message to Pekyi has been settled, since no secret attack was intended. It is said that as soon as the Asante-Akwamu army has got hold of the head of the opposing force they will return home. They want no war with the protectorate. They have captured 9 towns, and three have voluntarily submitted. Zimmermann has had no answer to his letter, but the head of the garrison this side of the river has promised him something will come in the course of this week. Civil—Commandant Russell has written to the Krobos, allowing them to fight the Asantes if the Asantes attack them (Zimmermann adds an exclamation mark), and guaranteeing them £100 for munitions. The letter, dated 20th June, arrived this day. The Civil-Commandant also gives them permission to make direct contact with the Akwamuhene on behalf of the captive missionaries. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 04.07.1869 Proper date: 04.07.1869 Description An account of the resource The day before Sakite sent a messenger to Akwamu - a Krobo man who was born in Akwamu - with someone else who had been being held in Odumase as a hostage. With them went a written message as urging to the Akwamuhene the release of the captive missionaries), also wrote a letter asking for news, and advising that at least the Ramseyer family should be allowed back, if only for the sake of the peace of the area. The day the letter was written Zimmermann and Laissle had been to the Akwamu border, visited the last Krobo village Yogaga and its single Christian inhabitant, and preached there. Their journey was partly to see if they could learn any news from the other side of the Volta. On their return they found Odumase in a great state of excitement. A lapsed Krobo Christian, who was also a grandson of Oloku Patu in Yilosi, by name Natanael Nate, along with an ex-Basel Mission school pupil and baptismal candidate had captured 5 Akwamu women by a trick, and brought them to Krobo. The local people, fearing the impact of this in the border areas, had taken the women from his control and chained him to the block. The Chief was not present while all this was occurring. Nate called the missionaries to be eye-witnesses of his maltreatment, and claimed to have been acting under instructions from the Government and kings Takyi and Kodscho in Accra, and in the mission's interests since the Akwamus had captured the missionaries and destroyed the station. The local people were saying that, rather, instead of annoying the Akwamus messengers should be being sent to ask for their release. Zimmermann and Laissle knew that the cunning man had promised to commit this act in Accra in order to make good the fact that he had been smuggling goods into Akwamu hands (people even say he has been involved in supplying them with ammunition), and at the same time to find a way to pay his debts. He certainly has no orders from the Government for what he has done. The missionaries spoke with him about all this but asked the people to give him the respect due to a son of a Krobo king, to free him, but to keep him in Odumase until his grandfather and the Krobo leadership had decided what should be done in his case. They also urged them to treat the Akwamu women in a friendly way. The missionaries’ proposals were accepted. They had scarcely arrived home when a letter was brought in from the Executive Committee, along with a formal letter from the Civil Commandant stating that attempts to rescue the imprisoned missionaries on human grounds would not be regarded as making illegal contact with the enemy. The Executive Committee asked Zimmermann and Sakite to do their utmost to achieve the freeing of the prisoners, or at least obtain for them the opportunity to return to the Station. At the same time arrived a messenger from the chief of Kotropeli, an Akwamu village on this side of the river, a man who is also related to the royal family in Odumase. This included the news that Anum and Pekyi have accepted Akwamu’s overlordship; the Akwamus and Asantes want to return home; that Sakite should send an embassy of the utmost reliability to negotiate with the Akwamuhene about the missionaries, or to receive them at his hands. Sakite discussed the matter with them and in the morning his brother, Peter Nyarko, accompanied by 'our people' will set out to find the Akwamuhene in his camp in order to do what he can for the release of the captives. The Nyarko expedition went with only a little money from the missionaries in order not to excite the avarice of the Akwamuhene. Sakite considers that, even if the men want to return to Anum, they should at least accompany Mrs Ramseyer into Krobo, so that everyone can see for themselves that the Akwamuhene has released them, and that they return to Anum of their own free will. The king's sons have a good hope in relation to this mission, because the Akwamu villages this side of the Volta are almost entirely without food, and depending on Krobo for their supplies. (A coloured sketch-map is attached to this letter). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..6a Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 22.07.1869 Proper date: 22.07.1869 Description An account of the resource Report of Peter Nyarko's journey into Akwanu/Asante held territory 7 Messengers were sent, including the ex-Catechist Peter Nyarko, and another excluded Christian, Andrea Mate, son of a former elder of the church. These two were at the head of the expedition. They had set out 16 days previously. The Kotropeli chief welcomed them, and sent them on to Senkyi with of his servants as escort. Senkyi is on an island in the river 'in' Atimpoku. The Senkyi chief sent them on with messengers to the King's Wife in Akwamu, who is responsible for the town in this situation. She immediately sent them on to Pese accompanied by two women, and 14 men to crew the canoe(s). All of these officials fear an attack by Krobo or Ga in the absence of the Akwamu army, and were very obliging on that account. The Pese chief's deputy was less obliging. Nevertheless, he allowed them to go to Anum on the Friday thirteen days before the despatch of this letter. They found Anum town burned down totally deserted. The station buildings, on the other hand, were almost undamaged. The property was almost totally plundered, however. Only some heavier things - big pieces of furniture - remained, and so did the cotton in the store, though it had been turned out of its sacks, and they had been taken. From Anum they went three days march north through the Pekyi towns, and the once thickly-peopled Pekyi valley and Ayigbe land. They found all the towns burned down and empty. The Asante-Akwamu camp is at the foot of the Nyankpo mountain, on the top of which Dompre’s army is supposed to be. The Akwamuhene welcomed them, but the Asante general was less friendly, openly told them he thought they were Ga and Krobo spies. The next day an open palaver was held, and they learned that the missionaries had themselves expressed the wish to be taken to the Akwamuhene once they had been captured by some Asantes. The latter had wanted to release them (Zimmermann adds '?') but the Asante general had said he was not permitted to do that without instructions from Kumasi. Perhaps, he suggested, the missionaries would make their appeals there. All their appeals against this were in vain. At this, the missionaries had asked for a place some way away from the scenes of blood-shed (Zimmermann adds in parentheses that although the men of Anum etc. mostly fled, and there has been no serious fighting, the Asantes have already beheaded 970 prisoners and killed many women and children). At this the missionaries were taken to a place on the Volta 2 small days' journeys North West of the camp - Nsuta. This is on the same side of the Volta, and a few hours downstream from Dschome which was once visited by Süss, Steinemann and Hornberger. They are currently there, served by two of their own people, and in good health. (Zimmermann adds in parentheses that this almost certainly means they will be going to Kumasi, since a main road leads from Dschome and its great market to Kumasi). Having heard all this, the Embassy asked for the release of the prisoners, or at least to be given permission to see them. The Akwamuhene and his chiefs supported 'this' request, and so did the Asantee who have received good treatment 'from us' in the past. But all this was in vain. If instructions come from Kumasi that the missionaries are to be released, they would be brought to Pese in 8-14 days, and P. Nyarko could collect them. The Embassy could not go up to Nsuta, the ways were too unsafe (Zimmermann adds '?'). Nor were they allowed to write, neither to the captives nor back to Odumase ‘in order not to let the cat out of the bag as far as the Asantes were concerned'. They were simply to enquire again in Pese in 14 days' time. They could get no further with the negotiations, and so they came away with heavy hearts (Zimmermann writes of them as 'poor men who had no easy path to travel’), arriving back in Odumase on the evening the letter was written. In Akwamu their fruitless journey caused consternation. The 'Queen' immediately sent messengers again up river to press for the freeing of the missionaries and saying that if this did not occur they, the women, would leave the town and the Volta set and set out for Asante. They pressed Peter Nyarko to go back with these messengers, but he refused: the Akwamus are totally in the hands of the Asantes. In the Asante-Akwamu camp they also saw the white prisoner — probably a Frenchman - from Ho. He was not able to speak English to them, however, and they were not allowed too near him. They were asked if he were a missionary, but they replied that they did not know this, and did not know the man. People had also wanted to give them some mission property, but they had said that without having the missionaries in their charge they could accept nothing else. The other white man was a short young man with a beard. They left the letter for the missionaries with the Ahwamuhene, asking him to send it on: but this can only be done with very great difficulty. The carpenter Kwao from Dauromadam was in the camp, and assured them that he had seen the missionaries with the Ramseyer child, and they were well. Their 'people' had mostly in fled before the Asantes came. Lay Smith and Nils Quist (Z adds to the latter '?') are also prisoners of the Asantes. No Akras or Akwapims have been killed, however, they want to release them once Dompre has been killed. In this situation it appears from the closing paragraph of the letter the missionaries are against violence against captive Asantes, but feel they cannot speak against having Asantes held captive until a general release of captives takes place. Once more Zimmermann mentions that the educated Gas are pressing the Krobos to behead Asantes held captive. He also repeats a rumour that John Ansah has written to the Asante general ordering the release of the missionaries in the name of the Asantehene. Zimmermann judges this to be untrue: Peter Nyarko had heard nothing of it. But argues that it suggests the Mission should make a direct approach to Kumasi via John Ansah, or perhaps the Governor at Elmina .Zimmermann asks Rottmann to send up a few pieces of cloth and some tobacco for use as presents in the negotiations happening from Odumase. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..8 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to a small Number of Gold Coast Missionaries and to the Basel Committee Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.III. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Abokobi Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.IV. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Odumase Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.V. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Akropong Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VI. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Aburi Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 18.01.1870 Proper date: 18.01.1870 Description An account of the resource 1. The report of Mader’s inspection. The pupils performed well or very well in biblical history, biblical geography, reading, religious knowledge, natural history. In arithmetic a good groundwork had been laid. Teacher Ako should use his picture book more in his teaching (Haas explained that not much of the German text had yet been translated for him). Memory work, the learning of texts and singing left something to be desired. 2. Changes in the syllabus. Mader suggests that they teach general geography for 2 hours a week in the top class. Memory work in the upper classes should be done by the pupils at home. World history should be studied in the top two classes for 2 hours a week. Arithmetic should be taught 4 and not 2 hours a week. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..1 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Minutes of a Conference about the Kibi School Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.04.1870 Proper date: 28.04.1870 Description An account of the resource A report on his arrival in Kibi and his early activities in the School. Koforidua he found in two parts - old Koforidua now deserted, and with the houses falling in, and new Koforidua, ten minutes further away from Akropong. At Kukurantumi they had much trouble with their Kibi carriers, who effectively went on strike for more subsistence pay. He is teaching the boys in the school to make their own clothes. He has instituted a new regime (timetable) in the school which includes reducing free time for clothes washing and ironing on Saturdays from the whole day to the morning. Also, whereas before the boys had been given unlimited time to go to the town for their food, he has now limited their two mealtimes a day to a total of one hour each. Unless the teacher himself is supervised he does not see that work is being done in the coffee farm. Two cases are offered of parents pleading that their son should be allowed to remain in school after being expelled. In one case a senior boy had come back from a mealtime in the town late and drunk - there had been a heathen festival in progress and Haas laments that under the circumstances in which the boys have to eat they have no way of stopping them participating to some extent in such festivals. The missionaries agreed that the boy should have the choice between expulsion and a beating, and the boy chose the latter. One sad case which had just occurred was that of the senior and most gifted pupil who had simply disappeared without trace. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..4 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Haas to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.04.1870 Proper date: 28.04.1870 Description An account of the resource A report of a serious dispute between the missionaries and the Kibi chief and elders over the question of their subjects' becoming Christian. The occasion of the dispute was a case concerning the convert Sakyi (see Lodholz’ Report 1869 No 16). He had been accused before his Asafohene of some misdemeanour by a Kukurantumi woman, after which he was fined two sheep by the Asafo for taking baptismal instruction and intending to be baptised. He had no warning that this was to be raised, but stoutly defended his statement that he no longer believed in fetishes and wanted to become a Christian. The missionaries immediately took this question up with the Okyenhene and his elders, citing the fact that in English law no-one in the protectorate could be persuaded against becoming a Christian. In this hearing Sakyi again spoke for himself as someone wanting to become a Christian. The court decided against Sakyi. On the missionaries pressing the matter, Kwasi Amoako (Sakyi and Doku both belonged to his household) expressed bitter opposition to the missionaries especally on account of their having carried on the baptismal instruction of his people behind his back. He would not allow it – ‘they are my sons, they must obey me'. Most of the elder spoke in the same vein that they would never allow their slaves and pawns to be baptised. The Okyenhene said nothing. Eventually after much to-ing and fro-ing, the elders agreed that if someone wanted to be baptised, the missionaries themselves should, ask the masters permission, that this in the context (so Lodholz' working implies) of many statements that slaves and pawns should never be baptised. The meeting broke up with the missionaries offering to draft an agreement on these lines for signature on the next day. Overnight the Christians warned them that this was only a front for a secret agreement to sell away slaves and pawns who proposed to be baptised. They also agreed that, since Sakyi had not broken away from his Asafo before, they should not send his case to the English courts. The next day, however, the council, did not go as had been agreed. Kwasi Amoako openly stated that he hated the 'Word of God', and for the first time (in this council) the Okyenhene spoke against them - the missionaries thought that he must have been worked on by his mother Ampofoa and aunt Sekyira. 'Must I let my horn-blowers, my drummers, my pipers my sword-bearers and executioners, my hammock-carriers etc. become Christians? If I do, when I can no longer carry out my (fetish) ceremonies, nor can I receive foreign embassies worthily. Whoever has an obligation to serve me will never be allowed to become a Christian.' Lodholz’ comment is that this was an almost annihilating stroke for their work - it would involve its being restricted to their boarding school pupils, since almost everyone had some small office at some ceremony to perform. Kromer replied in terms that God had done great things for Akim through the agency of the Europeans - they were free of the Asante yoke. This attitude was poor return for such blessings. At this the king stood up in a rage and shouted ‘Do you mean, Kromer, that if you go away I shall have to carry stones from Accra to Kumasi like my fathers? - and went out. At the yam festival which followed soon after the Asiakwa chief tried to mediate between Okyenhene and missionaries, but the missionaries stood firm on their condition that there must be freedom of religion. During Mader’s January visit, however, the king returned, to a friendly attitude to them, and the original agreement was revived. Nevertheless Sakyi, though attending services kefused baptism at the last moment, offering no satisfactory reason other than that his relatives were opposed to it and he feared evil consequences. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz' Report for the First Quarter of 1870 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 30.04.1870 Proper date: 30.04.1870 Description An account of the resource Reports that reconciliation with the Okyenhene was bound up with Asante’s mission in Begoro. When Asante eventually made contact with the Kwahu man who was to take the message to Kumasi the Okyenhene heard of it and required the man to be arrested and brought to Kibi. Asante asked the Kibi missionaries to intervene to prevent this, and the Okyenhene agreed on condition that they took full responsibility in the event that the British Government regarded this as a breach of their instructions that Akim should break of all relations with any Asante state. On a recent visit to Kukurantumi the people had not even bothered to gather for street preaching. Meanwhile in Asiakwa the people want to know if they are ever going to get a teacher. Attached to this reports as Postscripts are comments by Widmann dated 15 June 1870 and Mader dated 29 Jun 1870. Widman argues that Kukurantumi’s only importance is its geographical position – the meeting points of roads to the coast from Begoro, Kwahu, Kibi, and Asiakwa. It was only settled in the difficult situation following the destruction of Gyadam – and the settlement of Gyadam in turn would not have occurred had the missionaries gone about establishing the Akim mission in the proper way. Asiakwa would be the better place for an outstation. Mader remarks that Begoro would be the place for a second station staffed by missionaries. It has a good climate, it is one day's journey from Kwahu, and could therefore be the fore-post of-the Asante Mission. It is also possibly the most populous town in Akim. Asiakwa could hardly be the station for more missionaries, it is too close to Kibi. With reference to other Akim places visited in the quarter Kromer remarks that Pano is a fanatical fetish town. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Kromer's Report for the First Quarter 1870 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 20.05.1870 Proper date: 20.05.1870 Description An account of the resource One of the points raised is the question of financial support for Kibi scholars at the Akropong Middle School. This is not provided and there is a danger that no Akim scholars will complete the course there. Already of the 5 pupils who want to Akropong at the beginning of the year 2 have been expelled, but a third has left over the question of food. (There is a detailed plan of the Kibi station lands and the building on it ttached to this report, the plan for financial support is supported by Widman and Mader). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..8-9 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Station's Conference Minute Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 07.06.1870 Proper date: 07.06.1870 Description An account of the resource The missionaries transmit their feeling that Kukurantumi is not worth re-settling. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..10 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Station Conference Minutes Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 07.03.1870 Proper date: 07.03.1870 Description An account of the resource This letter contains the text of the letter Asante sent to the prisoners. Much is printed in the Heidenbote 1870, pp49-50, p78, p121ff. Other points in the manuscript include: The Begorohene had sent a party of men with the hunter who Asante had commissioned to take the message to Kumasi. The messenger was able to give some information on the prisoners – e.g. that they were not in Kumasi itself, but in a village about as far away as Akropong is from Mampong Akw. The man was able to say this as he had spent a whole year in Abiri. He 'also gave news on the war, which had been going badly for the Asantes - many losses and nothing much obtained. The army was now on its return journey in an area on the upper Volta called Pae, and from there they would return via Sohae to Akoroso. Many salt and tobacco merchants had come with Asante’s messenger - they were buying a quantity of salt which cost 1/- on the coast for 2 dollars and selling it again for 9-10 dollars. The business is arranged in such a way that only two Kwahus who have a secret connection with the Begorohene are allowed into the town – and they have to remain in concealment. The rest stay in the forest, while these two do business for them. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.I..9 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870: D-01.22a.I. - Africa Title A name given to the resource Asante to Widmann Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 08.07.1870 Proper date: 08.07.1870 Description An account of the resource Describes the road to Koforidua as normal missionary travel, from Koforidua to Kukurantumi as an apostolic labour. There was scarcely any road from Kukurantumi to Kibi. He was accompanied to Kibi by two 'Constables' who had a present for the king from the Governor, and a letter with the requests (a) to allow the Basel Mission to send messengers into Asante from Begoro (b) to mobilise his army in order to assist in hindering the Asante withdrawal from Ayigbe. The former point was not conceded in any straightforward way. The Okyenhene asked Eisenschmid why the Basel Mission wanted to make connections with Asante through Begoro, when everyone knew the road to Asante went through Obomosu? And he was very concerned about the salt trade passing through Begoro. He in fact insisted that only one request could be adhered to at one time - and insisted on writing to the Governor in these terms before allowing Schrenk and Eisenschmid to travel to Begoro. His interpreter in this session was one Carl Quist, known to the missionaries, who had apparently stolen from Kromer. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.II..23a Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870: D-01.22a.II. - Christiansborg Title A name given to the resource Schrenk to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 26.08.1870 Proper date: 26.08.1870 Description An account of the resource Part of this letter is printed as annex to the Annual Report 1871, pp 74ff. Part is also to be found in Heidenbote 1870 p121f. Additional material: The Begoro people, having asked Schrenk and Eisenschmid's advice as to what to do about the sale of salt, ad an oath sworn that only salt actually in the town should be sold. In fact this was only a front – Schrenk and Eisenschmid saw with their own eyes that salt was being brought into the town from all sides. Schrenk’s opinion is that the Begoro-Kwahu route was only a hunter's route previously. Very 1ittle salt was probably smuggled along it. On the other hand, though Schrenk thought the trade by the Begoro people was wicked, he was prepared to act in terms of getting the Asantehene goods worth the 216 dollars which the chief was supposed to have had with him but which he then said he had left in Kwahu. He broke off carrying through this plan when they received news from Odumase of the battle in which Dompre was wounded. Obviously they could not carry on trade with a people who were fighting the Gas. The Asiakwa chief was asked by the Begoro chief to act as his mediator in Kibi. The information about the 218 dollars fine levied on Begoro by Kibi came to Schrenk from Kwabi. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.II..31a Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870: D-01.22a.II. - Christiansborg Title A name given to the resource Schrenk to Basel