317 20 77903 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 22.07.1868 Proper date: 22.07.1868 Description An account of the resource An appeal for funds to provide 10 more school pupils with food payments of £l=10 yearly. The appeal is backed by the arguments that 1. The Anum people do not yet understand the point of schooling, hence pupils must be paid. 2. It is vital, for the sake of evangelisation, that the use of Twi be promoted among the Anum people: their Kyerepong is so different from Date Kyerepong that even a Date catechist (Chr. Asiedu) cannot understand or be understood in Kyerepong. 3. Although he is asking for £1=10, he considers that the pupils should be able to earn about half that sum by work. Cleaning the paths and cleaning cotton is suggested. Plantation work for coffee would also be possible. Plantation work for cotton, maize, yams would not fit so easily since these crops require a new bush clearing each year. The current 9 pupils are all working for the mission. They give cause for satisfaction, are making good progress, have learned Twi quickly, and some are ‘not far from the Kingdom of Heaven'. One, Joseph Kwame, has made enough progress to be usable as an auxiliary teacher. School hours: 8 a.m. to 1.30 p.m. Present payment for school work: 2 Franks 25 cents per month and clothing. Schonhuth's opinion is that, although paying people to attend school is regrettable, there is no other way of ensuring school attendance in Anum. A subscript from.J.A. Mader supports the proposal, in the peculiar conditions which obtain in Anum, However: 'The Brethren in Anum will also learn that congregations do not grow out of schools, but develop through the preaching of the Word and the message of the Father in the Son’. Mader forecasts a rapid development of the community in Anum as in Late: like Late the Anum communities live in towns, and do not spend long period’s resident in their farming villages. Like Late, also, they will come rapidly to appreciate the uses of Twi, partly because of the rich literature which is being developed in the language. However, the Anum parents, with their energetic farming, will not easily let their children go to school unless they can see some immediate concrete advantage. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Anum Stations Conference Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 13.08.1868 Proper date: 13.08.1868 Description An account of the resource He intends to omit a description of Klaus' death and the two Volta journeys connected with that, since these have already been reported. But if those experiences were painful, still more painful ones are to be expected. Almost daily they are being subject to formal requests for money to help pursue the war, and must spend time getting the people to understand that they are children of peace. They often say that they are fighting for the mission, to get open ways to the coast. The future is so uncertain that the missionaries have decided, in the event station's being captured, to stay put, but to hide money and the most valuable goods. It is known that the war began in 1865 with the fighting between the Gas and Adas on the one side, and the Anglos on the other. After the unsuccessful expedition across the Volta by Ada and its allies in 1866, the theatre fighting moved up the Volta until it cut off the station from the rest of the Basel Mission settlements. The most dangerous and hostile of the groups involved are the Akwamus, who control the Volta from Bauromadam to Pese. Their allies are the Dafos and Volos, who control the land south from Akwamu to opposite the Asutsuare mountain, and thus make the land route (Schönhuth presumably means to Kpong) unsafe. The war in this part of the Gold Coast began with a surprise attack by the Akwamus on Dodi on Whitmonday 1866 (Schönhuth describes Dodi as a major trading centre). Few of the inhabitants escaped captivity or death, and the place was left in ashes. Dodi had been a place where merchants congregated from many places, especially Asantes who exchanged gold dust there for salt and other articles. The trading activities of the mission were much linked up with Dodi. Among the dead were many notable Akim merchants: and now an Akim chief is seeking to revenge their death with a large number of warriors, determined to inflict a decisive defeat on the Akwamus. The chief is called Dompre, and he is to be thought of as a robber chieftain rather than anything else. Through his activities, however, he has obtained an ever greater reputation among his followers and allies, so that he is now head of the combined armies. Schönhuth remarks that wars go on for a long time when fought in the fashion of this one. Things barely come to a battle. The narrow paths do not allow for large numbers of men to move about. The burning of Villages is usually the farthest things go. The soldiers need very little. They simply take the food they need from farms they find; they do need powder, but for bullets they use lead, stones, pieces of wood, and pieces of iron. Three times since Schönhuth's arrival in late March the army has moved off from Anum on a campaign. In the first, in April, 3 Akwamu farming villages were burned down and their inhabitants put to flight. In the second, at the beginning of July, there were Peki and Awudome forces along with the Akims and Anums, a total of about 3,000 wen. By African standards this is a large army, and the share of the Kyerepong towns was about 1,500, which probably neans a total Kyerepong population in this district of 6—7,000. The Akwamus are supposed to be able to waste 1,000 fighting men. This second expedition was involved in a battle on 13th July on the hills 6-8 hours away. The smoke and fire was visible from the Anum station. The Ahudomes were put to flight, but the Anums and Akims managed to defeat the enemy forces. There seem to have been many casualties - the next day the Anum drums were decorated with 20 bloody heads. During the battle the Anum women paraded around the streets in sections making a fearful noise. A number of young men who were sick retreated onto the station to be free from their persecution, and some members of the mission’s staff who set off at 4a.m. for Ho with cotton bales were turned back by them. The third expedition set out the day the letter was being written. Another development which Schönhuth reports: an army has been gathered by 'the deposed Accra King, Dake' at Battor, in order to attack the Defoe and Volos. In this crisis situation the Akwamus have sought help from the Frobos, Anglos, and Ashantes - but have been everywhere refused because they are such unreliable allies. They even applied to the English for help, but this has been refused. At the time the second expedition was mobilising the missionaries had persistent difficulties with people asking for money for the war. Dompre send an embassy with an armed escort with the message that he must have 300-400 heads of cowries (he gives a rate of 2 francs 25 per head). Schönhuth proposed to buy them off with 100 heads. They have altogether on the station 450 bales of cotton, 1,000 worth in goods and something over 2,000 heads of cowries. The local people know something of this, and there is a real danger that they would have been given over to plunder if they had completely refused. But when the elder of the second section of Anum came with a request for 100 heads, Schönhuth sent him packing with the remark that he had not forgotten that it was this section of the town which was responsible for the incident on the Volta on his return from Odumase, and that had on that occasion got away with 80 heads. Eventually, by negotiating with the Anum chief in his war camp at Kwakubio, and after another visit by the head of the second section of the town to the Mission station, they have been able to get things under control. With the second section of the town they entered an arrangement whereby a 10 head present was followed by the quarter sending 60-70 men to help move cotton bales to Ho for an agreed payment of 100 heads. (Schönhuth mentions three sections of the town. He also mentions that the young 'king' of Anum does not in fact possess much in the way of wealth, and thus has to pay attention to, and not expect to control, the wealthier of his sub-chiefs and elders. The second section of the town possesses several of these. In the negotiations with the head of the second section of the town Schönhuth had Obobi present, and elder of the king's family, who has consistently taken the Mission's part, though he is not a man of great influence). Since these events Dompre has given Schönhut a 13 year old boy whom Schönhuth likes very much - he is obedient and industrious. And the despatch of consignments to Ho has been going very well. With this third expedition everything is again full of war-like excitement. Dake has sent a message that he has defeated the Dafos and Volos, and burned their villages, and that the forces under Dompre should attack quickly and put an end to it all. Akwamu appears to be disintegrating. The Akwamuhene is at his wits' end in the difficult situation, and Bakai, the chief elder, who is known to have caused the collapse of the Freeman peace mission, is said to have fled to Anglo. A number of Akwamus have also fled to Zimmermann at Odumase and put themselves in his hands for protection. The future will show what the exact truth in all this is, but the Anums are mostly already away, and the rest will follow the next day. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Schönhuth to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 29.10.1868 Proper date: 29.10.1868 Description An account of the resource Has no new news about the war - no mention of a campaign in August, only a report of the battle on July 13th, after which the Pekyi people, too, were tired of the fighting. Messages have just been sent by Dompre and the Anum 'King' to Accra, Akwapim and Akim asking for support in the fighting. Most of the report is taken up with a description of a visit to Boso, part of a preaching tour. Repeats the point: The children do not understand Twi. Evening conversation on the street reported in detail – Müller, a fetish priest, an old man, and a young man making a new tool for weaving. Müller started by asking why the young man made his tool only 4 inches wide. In Europe it would be 2-3 feet wide, and that is how in Europe such wide cloths are made. He replied that he did not understand European methods. Müller ought to show him how. Müller said he should just try with an 8 inch strip. The fetish priest said that white men possessed much wisdom, and that they should teach them this wisdom. So Müller asked them how they thought white men had learned their wisdom. God had in fact taught it; because the white men serve, fear and love him. He has taught them to find out all these things. Africans serve their fetishes, who cannot give such wisdom. But the fetish priest replied that they did serve God; the fetishes were intermediary between God and men. Müller poured scorn on this idea, arguing that the fetishes were nothing but objects. God was the creator - by looking at the sky, and at the thunder and lightning you could see his power. The fetish priest said they did want to serve God. Müller told him that God knew everything - whether someone was just saying something, or meant it from the heart; and that everyone had to answer at the throne of judgement. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..7 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Müller's Report for the Third Quarter of 1868 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 26.11.1868 Proper date: 26.11.1868 Description An account of the resource This is a reply to a letter from the Committee in Basel dated 2nd October 1868, which the missionaries read as being critical of their allowing themselves to be forced to pay money for the war. The force of the Basel letter appears to be lost by their trying to draw a distinction between money which is extorted, and legal war taxation. The fresh light on the situation around Anum: The missionaries do not think, now, that the war will come to a speedy end. And indeed, having heard the history of relations between Anum and Akwamu over the last hundred years, it is difficult to see how peace can be achieved without the thorough defeat of one tribe or the other. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..8 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Joint Letter from the Anum Missionaries (Müller's Handwriting) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.11.1868 Proper date: 28.11.1868 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..9 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Letter about the Station Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 12.12.1868 Proper date: 12.12.1868 Description An account of the resource The two married Anum catechumen want to move onto the station land: the missionaries propose an area for a Christian quarter, and ask for approval. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..10 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Joint Letter Müller/Schönhuth Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 20.05.1869 Proper date: 20.05.1869 Description An account of the resource Relays report from Zimmermann that 12,000 armed Asantes are in Akwamu, and that another Asante army has crossed the Volta one day's journey upstream from Anum. He comments that the Asantes and Akwamus have given assurances that they will not attack the station, but that, of course 'stealing everything' is not necessarily 'attacking'. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21a.I..18 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21a - Ghana 1869: D-01.21a.I. - General Conference / Africa Title A name given to the resource Schrenk to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 25.06.1869 Proper date: 25.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Contains a copy of a letter of Chr. Rottmann‘s (Kata) dated 19th June 1869, addressed to Widmann in Akropong as Prases of the Gold Coast Mission. The uncertainty about the situation in Anum has developed into a relative but menacing certainty. This news has come to them in a letter from Chr. Rottmann dated 19th June — ‘...this afternoon messengers came from Anyako with the news that Br. Manfeld, and his sick wife, had arrived there from Waya, that the Ho missionaries had all fled with the exception of Hornberger and Müller: and that the Asante armies were on the attack. According to letters from Müller in Ho the Asantes were already in Pekyi on the 12th and were expected in Ho any day. Nothing is certain about Anum, except that if the Asantes are in Pekyi, one can be sure they have also occupied Anum. A letter also reports that, according, to the Awudomes, two Europeans have been seen in Asante hands, and these were probably the Anum missionaries. They hear that the Pekyis and Anums were terrified of the Asantes, and ran at the first battle, which would tend to confirm this news. This seems to have happened in Ho, where the above mentioned missionaries are quite alone with their local staff, the Ho people having apparently made no attempt at resistance. These reports are not, of course, certain, but very probably true.’ Walker adds that they have every ground to hope that the missionaries if not their property will be handled with indulgence, because six months ago the Asantehene, in gratitude for the missionaries' saving of an Asante at the hands of the Anums, is said to have assured one of the missionaries (Schönhuth) of his complete protection. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21a.II..25 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21a - Ghana 1869: D-01.21a.II. - Christiansborg Title A name given to the resource J. Walker to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 31.12.1869 Proper date: 31.12.1869 Description An account of the resource Station statistics for Kibi include the point that away from the town the mission land bordered farms belonging to Apiedu. Nath. Date from Mamfe is the catechist (following Chr. Asante's 'fall'), and the number of members of the community has dropped in the course of the year from 42 to 37, with 21 Communicants. There were 2 catechumens. The headmaster of the Boarding School is now Brother Haas, and the school now consists of 25 boarders, 10 girls, and 3 day-boys. In Kukurantumi there was at the end of 1869 no Mission Agent other than Ph. Kwabi, and in the school were no scholars other than Kwabi's 'own people'. In Kibi the boundaries of the mission land were not changed. The coffee would have done well if the price was not so low, and some Christians have farms on the North and North-East side, started that very year. Building operations (repair of the chapel/school) seem to have been carried out simply by the missionaries and their servants. The station was rather weakly held in the middle months of the year since Eisenschmid had been posted to Aburi on account of his health, Kromer went with his wife to the coast on account of the danger from the Asantes, and Haas only arrived in November in Kibi. The villages around Kibi were visited fairly frequently nevertheless (Apedua, Apapam, Date-Entam, Tette), so were Kukurantumi and Asiakwa, and Lodholz made one long trek through Bangso, Kwabang Anyinam, Otschenase, Sarmang, Asiakwa. Kwabi gets an excellent report for staying at Kukurantumi (except for a period when he was in Kibi because the Kukurantumi people had mobilised in case of an Asante invasion) and maintaining his work in face of constant disappointments. He has faced the temptation to leave, but is always pleased to hear words of encouragement. Gibson was transferred to Tutu in the course of the year. Further education for the catechist and teacher in Kibi amounted to 2 hours per week arithmetic, and one hour a week discussing Bormann's Schulkunde - passages which had previously been translated into English by a missionary and then copied by the catechist and teacher. One hour a week was also given over to teaching world history. The movement of members in the Kibi community: Chr. Asante's family numbered 6, 2 baptised schoolboys were excluded for sexual offences and heathen manners, another one was transferred to the Akropong Boarding School, and two Christians moved away from Kibi. In the other direction Nath. Date entered the community (as yet unmarried) and there were five baptisms: Thomas Doku, a convert straight from heathen society without being first a member of the school, or on the station payroll. Stefano Opuni, an Asante youth Nathaniel, a 16-18 year old schoolboy Theophilo, a 10 year old schoolboy Immanuel, a 9 year old schoolboy. One baptismal candidate, Sakyi was deterred from baptism by opposition of his relatives and the Okyenhene. Commenting on the 'religious' life of the community Lodholz writes that though sustained absence from services was noted and followed up, this was not a frequent failing. They had been pleased by the reactions of the community when, in November, the Okyenhene and elders had suggested that it should be agreed that no slaves and pawns should be allowed to be baptised. The community suggested unanimously that the station should be uprooted and taken to some location where it was more welcome. They had, however, in addition to the disciplinary troubles with two schoolboys, difficulties with two of the girls on the station. Neither could be proved guilty of more than lying - one had accused Kwabi of seducing her. In Kukurantumi the community now stands at 11, with 5 communicants. The major event in the year was the re-exclusion of Ewyi, who it was discovered had pawned his brother to Kwabi to pay the debt he had incurred in the adultery which led to his first exclusion (Kwabi claimed that he knew nothing of a rule against accepting pawns, sent Ewyi's brother away immediately, and apparently suffered no further discipline). Ewyi’s idea being that when his brother was baptised, the Mission would be sure to buy him free of the debt. When they discovered that this plan was not likely to work out they both saved into attitudes of enmity to the community. Reporting on the Boarding School, Lodholz feels that the value of education is being recognised to a certain extent. They now have 4 boys from Kwabeng, who have come quite of their own free will to the school - and in a case where a boy was expelled for drunkenness when taking part in a heathen festival, not only he but his uncle came and pled most stringently for his re-acceptance. Their contact with the people of Kibi is not only carried on through the street preaching - they also care for the sick and treat people with wounds. In Tette and Adadentua they were able to preach the whole year - in most other places they had to stop preaching in some months when the Akim army was in the field. Kwabi had visited Tafo 16 times, Osiem 15 times, Enyinasin 3 times, Maase 9 times. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..18 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Year's Report for the District 1869 (in Lodholz' Writing) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 15.04.1869 Proper date: 15.04.1869 Description An account of the resource One feature of the station is that the paths have a European width about them. And one of the distinguishing features of the youths on the station is that they appear to care about the future - which is not a characteristic of their comrades in the heathen town. Boys in the school who are not gifted enough, or too old, or simply do not want to go to the Middle school in Akropong are learning a trade - 3 are learning carpentry, and one has waited a long time for a lockmaker to come to Osato whom he can be apprenticed. Samuel Amoa has learned to become self-supporting in carpentry, and has recently celebrated his independence by entering into a Christian marriage. Economically the mission has had an appreciable impact on the Akim people as a whole - the mango is now to be found growing in many places, and every big village has some coffee which they take to Cape Coast to sell. Amoa’s wife was a daughter of Ampao of Kukurantumi. She had lived and worked in the households of Kromer, and later Eisenschmid. She was baptised 'Maria' at Christmas. Kromer reports on the case of Opuni (see the Annual Report). He had been entrusted with slaves and money by his father - head of a rich family in Asante - to make purchases on 'the Akim frontier' (here and in the Annual Report he is described as a youth. He had heard from his grandmother that she had been stolen from Akim during an Asante invasion, and that some of her relatives were still alive in Akim. He had resolved to try to visit this family, and when he had made the 'usual' purchases, loaded the slaves, and given the remaining money to the elder slave, he set out on this mission. In the next town he was recognised as an Asante, arrested, sent to the Okyenhenes who then had him sold, and in this way he came into the hands of his grandmother's family as a slave. The family treated him well, however, and were prepared to send him on expeditions not only to Accra, but also to the Asante boarder. He could have run away there with no difficulty (he in fact actually met a brother who urged him to do this), but he did not, and Kromer ascribes this to his interest in the Christian religion. He is now both a trustworthy, slave and a baptismal candidate with a real desire to learn. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Kromer's Report for the First Quarter of 1869 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 25.04.1869 Proper date: 25.04.1869 Description An account of the resource The report is mainly concerned with a journey in the second half of January to the northern boundary of Akim, accompanied by Kwabi, Ako, and a number of the Kibi schoolboys. Travelling west and north from Kibi over a high hill they found no village before Kwamang, which he describes as a very small village. One hour northwards they reached Bangso. They were friendly received there, and after preaching were asked questions about what they had said. On the second day, before leaving Bangso, Lodholz saw an elderly man making an offering. He stood outside his house door holding an egg up as if to throw it, then cast it onto the ground, bowing to it twice, all the time uttering ununderstandable words. Asked, Kwabi said this showed that he was going to undertake some notable work during the day, and asked a blessing on from his fetish. They then travelled, passing through and preaching at Akorofufu and Awyenade after which they reached Kwabeng, where they stayed the night. Their preaching was well received by a large crowd, no doubt drawn by curiosity mostly since it was probably the first time anyone had preached there. They met the two Kwabeng scholars at home on holiday - and another boy asked to be accepted at the school, with his mother's permission. Kwabeng has the reputation of being very rich in gold. They stayed overnight in a pretty house belonging to a man who ought to have been very rich, but was in fact poor because of his constant illnesses. On the third day they came to Anyinam, where, when the Asantes and Akim are trading, there are great throngs of people. On the day of his visit the people at first said there were no places in which he could stay, though eventually, when he prepared to move on to another town, the elders met and the chief himself offered him a bed. In the chief's house Lodholz was surrounded by signs of fetish worship - an amulet hung above his bed, and when he opened a curtain in his room he found it led straight into the chamber of the fetish itself - the fetish itself was in two jars, and around it was fufu, eggs, slaughtered hens. The room was decorated with amulets stem. In Anyinam he preached on the 10 Commandments to convince people of their sins - dwelling especially on the 1st and 2nd. On the fourth day he travelled on almost unusable paths to Adesawase at the foot of the northern Akim hills. The roads were deliberately bad in order to protect the people from surprise attack from the Aaantes. At Adasewase they had a very inattentive audience, in Neupompe Lodholz spoke on the dangers of hell fire after a man had told him (when he was urging boys to come to his school in Kibi) that he did not want to learn anything, he only wanted to give himself up to the lusts of the flesh. A fetish priest in this village who wanted to disturb the preaching walk shamed back to his house by the hostility of the villagers themselves. They stayed the night at Odyenase where there was again a great crowd of attentive listeners. On the fifth day he visited Gyadam, though could not go onto the Mission Hill because he felt fever coming on –and had to hurry to catch up his carriers in Osino. They passed through Samang, where a friendly man let Lodholz lie in his own room while the fever went off, then they went on to Asiakwa. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..7 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz' Report for the First Quarter of 1869 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 30.06.1869 Proper date: 30.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Concerning the dispute between the elder Piedu and Abr. Boamma over a slave. There had been enmity between Abr. Boama and the other slaves of Piedu before he became a Christian. After he became a Christian the young slave of his whom he had given to Piedu to replace his services fell ill. A fetish told him that he was ill because he was not serving his former master, and Boamma became to be suspected of witchcraft and poisoning. People began to threaten him with the carrying of the corpse if the young slave died. At this stage the missionaries intervened and organised a meeting with Apiedu. Boamma defended himself so vehemently that it almost came to blows. After the missionaries had silenced him Piedu recited the possible causes of Boamma’s enmity to the young slave, including the fact that he was having intimate relations with a girl whose mother had refused to allow Boamma to have her as his wife. The missionaries declared, however, that there was no reason to suspect Boamma at all - the idea that he wanted the slave back was impossible, since no baptised Christian had slaves. And if the Kibi people started to threaten Boamma with carrying the corpse then the matter would be taken to the Governor. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..8 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.07.1869 Proper date: 28.07.1869 Description An account of the resource He has been teaching arithmetic in the Kibi school - they apparently teach gold-dust reckoning as well, since he remarks that one can see how much more difficult it is to do arithmetic in the Kibi school from a table of relative values: 1 pesewa = 1.125 pence 1 dama = 2 1/4 ipence. 1 kokowa = 4 1/2 pence 1 nteku = 6.75 pence 8 nteku = 1 dollar Kramer reports the case of the lapse of Mose Efoa, a schoolboy who had had a good reputation with them, and had been baptised by Eisenschmid. He had stayed away from school for a short while, and on his return it transpired that he had been at his home (Dadeantem) where he had been involved in a severe quarrel with a man and had sworn an oath on his mother in order to gain credence for his evidence when he had been before the elders. He was not put under discipline on his return, but soon disappeared again. The two missionaries visited Dadeantem soon after and found that the people there had just carried the corpse of a dead man, and the family of the woman on whose house the corpse had bumped took the initiative in keeping the missionaries out of the village, so that they had to preach to a very small group on its outskirts. They learned, however, that the woman who was now regarded as a witch was Mose Efoa's mother, end that probably that oath was the thing which had enabled the elders to begin to rob the woman (who was wealthy) of all property and honour. Efoa had no intention of returning to the mission circle this time. Street preaching in Kibi is described as regularly attended by strangers who are continually there, also by Kibi people, the elder Asare Kansari being especially in evidence. The women, though still not taking part in street preaching, are attaching themselves to the girls who live with the mission households. 23 Asantes are in the block in Kibi. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..9 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Kromer's Report for the Second Quarter of 1869 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 12.08.1869 Date late: 31.08.1869 Proper date: 12.08.1869-31.08.1869 Description An account of the resource The woman involved - it seems to have been generally accepted - though often on mission land had no sustained relationship with Asante. She was a mulatto wife of the elder Kwasi Amoako. Asante confessed quickly after the event and the Kibi missionaries were clearly impressed with his penitence. Mader, on the other hand, judged that no mercy should be shown, and that Asante should leave Kibi immediately and on the Basel Committee's confirming the suggestion, be completely excluded from working for the mission for two years. Widmann suggests that this would be a false move in the case of such an able man - if he were completely excluded he would not be able to hold himself in the sort of situation in which he could be easily re-accepted into mission employment. He cites the cases of the catechists Simon Koranteng who during suspension from pastoral duties worked for the Bremen Mission, and Carl Quist who in a similar position worked, on the Anum station, and suggests that Asante should be employed by the Trading Company at Ada or some other place. Mader's harsh judgements are set forth at some length, and include some points about the case and his attitude to it and the many similar ones. This is the third such case with which he had had to deal - Isak Ostertag and John Asare had also fallen under discipline for sexual irregularity. Indeed of the seven people trained.in Chr. Asante's class, one now remained in the service of the mission – Kwabi. Furthermore, Mader discounts the open confession made by Asante. At about the time he had written his letter to Widmann he had also written to Boafo, the chief of Akropong asking 57 dollars adultery fees. This means that he knew that the act would not be kept secret by the other party. Boafo is later- described as Asante's 'wicked brother'. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..10 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Documents concerning Chr. Asante's Fall (Station's Conference Minutes dated 12 August 1869, Chr. Asante to Widmann dated 16 August 1869, Gold Coast General Conference Committee Minutes dated 31 August 1869) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 19.08.1869 Proper date: 19.08.1869 Description An account of the resource Announces rumours that the Asantes were encamped near Bomoso - the missionaries were regretting not having sent loads off to Accra with the Accra people. Mader’s subscript doubts the number of Asantes at the Akim frontier - an Abosu man had been killed by an Asante scout, but the Begoro people had taken 80 Asantes prisoner. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..11 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz to Mader Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 04.09.1869 Proper date: 04.09.1869 Description An account of the resource Transmitting information about the missionary prisoners obtained from an Asante released after capture by the Crepes who was in Kibi. The missionaries had been taken prisoner, and before chief Openten it had had to be decided whether they were to be killed or set free. Eventually the decision was taken to send them to Karikari, and their belongings were sent ahead of them. After two days journey Ramseyer had protested about the conditions of the march, and they were provided with 14 carriers for the three adults (they were now with a Frenchman) with two carrying baskets, and two men to carry the child. The missionaries asked what had happened about their clothes and headgear, and whether their heads had been shaved, since alarming rumours had been circulating on this point. The refugee replied that they had kept their clothing and headgear and had not been shaved. At the Asante attack, the Anums and Crepes had fled to a hill called Tatabari Nyampon, from where they made frequent attacks on the Asantes, and had taken many prisoners. They had also killed many Asantes by sending stones down on them as they attacked the hill. When hunger became a problem they sent slaves to the more distant farms, but many of these had been captured by the Asantes. The situation had become difficult, with sickness and hunger making great inroads in the numbers of armed men. The Anglos had fought with the Asantes at first, but now had left them after gaining little success, and suffering the misfortune of running out of bullets and having to use instead cowries and little stones. The Asantes now stand in danger of being cut off from their homeland through an Akim army, which is standing in the Nort-West of Begoro. The Asantes' main objective is the head of the Crepe king, Kwadwo Dee. The Akwamus are especially concerned to take Dompere dead or alive. The source of this information had been twice captured, twice escaped, and on his return to Kwahu had found his wife had been taken away with a small piece of cloth tied around her loins, to indicate that she was a sacrifice at the next great festival in Kumasi. At this he had expressed himself in such a way that severe punishment would follow, and had fled. He had been an eye witness of the state of the white prisoners, and had seen the missionaries' goods being transported to Kumasi. He had also been in Kwahu shortly after their passage through Kwahu to Kumasi. As for the situaition in Akim - there were reports of an Asante army in North-West Akim, but this turned out to be only a group of Kwahus. Fining from Begoro and Diedu from Asiakwa are encamped on the North-West border, and Ampao of Kukurantumi is on the North-West border following the Kwahu activity, but expects to be there only a week. Mrs Kromer had been sent to Accra, and the missionaries had secured their movable possessions. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..13 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 13.09.1869 Proper date: 13.09.1869 Description An account of the resource Applies through the Slave Emancipation Commission for 40 dollars to obtain the release of Opuni, a man enslaved to a relative at Kukurantumi after he had travelled to Akim to find his family, his mother having been an Akira woman taken to Asante during a raid. His master had agreed that Opuni should work for the missionaries, but then being called into the field wanted to take his slaves with him, and required the missionaries to purchase his freedom. They agreed, on the grounds that they needed a trustworthy servant (Lodholz' old servant, Jonathan Asumen, was due to go to the teacher's seminary at Akropong) and that the real marks of an inner life were observable in Opuni, and so apply for the sum of 40 dollars, having already paid down a 10 dollar deposit, and, apologise for the irregularity in proceeding in this way. Opuni’s uncle who died shortly before his arrival in Akim was the father of the Akropong Middle-School pupil Emmanuel Adere. On his arrival from Asante Opuni was put in the block and his family had to pay for his release. The point that his trading activities had taken him back to Asante and involved long periods away from Kukurantumi is made once more in this report. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..14 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Staton Conference Protocoll Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 06.10.1869 Proper date: 06.10.1869 Description An account of the resource Some of the schoolboys had hoped that the missionaries, acting as their fathers, would provide them with weapons for the war. Akim had been urged to join the alliance against Asante by messengers from the native king of Accra, and the ‘Fante Confederation’. The request from these ambassadors was that the Akims should do something to cut off the Asante forces in Crepe - part of the Asante route to Crepe was across Akim territory. The Akim response to this, after a war-council in Kibi, was to cut off trade with Asante which up till then had still been carried on. Within 4 days 36 prisoners had been brought in - merchants captured as they tried to carry on their trade. Later (9th August) a letter from Mader advising Kromer to move his family to Accra had arrived simultaneously with the shin-bone of the Asante captured in the Akropong plantations. The Bomoso incident was one in which three Bomosu men in an advanced position keeping an eye on the merchant's road to Asante had been attacked, and two killed. There has been yet another case of adultery in Kukurantumi. There is now only one member of the congregation - a man called Jakob - who has not been guilty of this sin. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..15 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Kromer's Report for the Third Quarter of 1869 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 13.10.1869 Proper date: 13.10.1869 Description An account of the resource Reports a great deal of activity in fetish customs, especially led by a woman of the royal house, the matron Sekyira. He interprets this as intended to restore fetishes to their earlier reverence, and also to hinder street-preaching. Their reception in street-preaching has not been injured by the Asante incident. Lodholz offers the biographies of two Kibi-young men who quite of their own free-will had registered as baptismal candidates. The men had been once in an organic connection with the mission, but were now in no connection with it, other than baptismal candidates: (i) Kwaku Sakyi - from the house of the elder Kwasi Amoako. His sister is a wife of the king - she had in the past year born twins (a boy and a girl) and these had been quickly drowned in secret, for the king had also become the father of twin boys shortly before, and this new birth was thought to be a threat to the family. He had been at school for a time in the early 1860s, but about 1863 was forced to carry out custom for his mother by the head of the family and since then had contracted a debt and taken to drink. Lodholz interprets his conversion as coming from a desire to live free of his adults. (ii) Kofi Doku. The man who had accidental struck the Okyenhene. He had become part of Kwasi Amoako’s household through his father, who had been assigned as part of the annual tribute of men for Asante and had been bought free of this by Amoako. (The father was from Akim-Akropong). He also had spent some time in the Basel Mission school, but had been persuaded to withdraw. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VI..16 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VI. - Kibi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz' Report for the Third Quarter of 1869 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.01.1869 Proper date: 28.01.1869 Description An account of the resource They arrived in Anum at the end of December, their child having been fed partly by women in the villages who were suckling their own children (12 women helped in this way) and partly by Swiss milk kept in a bottle with a rubber cork. In a postscript he reports that there is no news about the war. Dompre and the Anum 'King' are still in camp, asking for assistance, and there are rumours that several hundred Asantes are coming. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.IX..1 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.IX. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Ramseyer to Basel