316 20 77825 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 29.10.1868 Proper date: 29.10.1868 Description An account of the resource Has no new news about the war - no mention of a campaign in August, only a report of the battle on July 13th, after which the Pekyi people, too, were tired of the fighting. Messages have just been sent by Dompre and the Anum 'King' to Accra, Akwapim and Akim asking for support in the fighting. Most of the report is taken up with a description of a visit to Boso, part of a preaching tour. Repeats the point: The children do not understand Twi. Evening conversation on the street reported in detail – Müller, a fetish priest, an old man, and a young man making a new tool for weaving. Müller started by asking why the young man made his tool only 4 inches wide. In Europe it would be 2-3 feet wide, and that is how in Europe such wide cloths are made. He replied that he did not understand European methods. Müller ought to show him how. Müller said he should just try with an 8 inch strip. The fetish priest said that white men possessed much wisdom, and that they should teach them this wisdom. So Müller asked them how they thought white men had learned their wisdom. God had in fact taught it; because the white men serve, fear and love him. He has taught them to find out all these things. Africans serve their fetishes, who cannot give such wisdom. But the fetish priest replied that they did serve God; the fetishes were intermediary between God and men. Müller poured scorn on this idea, arguing that the fetishes were nothing but objects. God was the creator - by looking at the sky, and at the thunder and lightning you could see his power. The fetish priest said they did want to serve God. Müller told him that God knew everything - whether someone was just saying something, or meant it from the heart; and that everyone had to answer at the throne of judgement. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..7 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Müller's Report for the Third Quarter of 1868 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 26.11.1868 Proper date: 26.11.1868 Description An account of the resource This is a reply to a letter from the Committee in Basel dated 2nd October 1868, which the missionaries read as being critical of their allowing themselves to be forced to pay money for the war. The force of the Basel letter appears to be lost by their trying to draw a distinction between money which is extorted, and legal war taxation. The fresh light on the situation around Anum: The missionaries do not think, now, that the war will come to a speedy end. And indeed, having heard the history of relations between Anum and Akwamu over the last hundred years, it is difficult to see how peace can be achieved without the thorough defeat of one tribe or the other. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..8 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Joint Letter from the Anum Missionaries (Müller's Handwriting) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.11.1868 Proper date: 28.11.1868 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..9 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Letter about the Station Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 12.12.1868 Proper date: 12.12.1868 Description An account of the resource The two married Anum catechumen want to move onto the station land: the missionaries propose an area for a Christian quarter, and ask for approval. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.20b.VIII..10 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.20b - Ghana 1868: D-01.20b.VIII. - Anum Title A name given to the resource Joint Letter Müller/Schönhuth Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 20.05.1869 Proper date: 20.05.1869 Description An account of the resource Relays report from Zimmermann that 12,000 armed Asantes are in Akwamu, and that another Asante army has crossed the Volta one day's journey upstream from Anum. He comments that the Asantes and Akwamus have given assurances that they will not attack the station, but that, of course 'stealing everything' is not necessarily 'attacking'. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21a.I..18 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21a - Ghana 1869: D-01.21a.I. - General Conference / Africa Title A name given to the resource Schrenk to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 25.06.1869 Proper date: 25.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Contains a copy of a letter of Chr. Rottmann‘s (Kata) dated 19th June 1869, addressed to Widmann in Akropong as Prases of the Gold Coast Mission. The uncertainty about the situation in Anum has developed into a relative but menacing certainty. This news has come to them in a letter from Chr. Rottmann dated 19th June — ‘...this afternoon messengers came from Anyako with the news that Br. Manfeld, and his sick wife, had arrived there from Waya, that the Ho missionaries had all fled with the exception of Hornberger and Müller: and that the Asante armies were on the attack. According to letters from Müller in Ho the Asantes were already in Pekyi on the 12th and were expected in Ho any day. Nothing is certain about Anum, except that if the Asantes are in Pekyi, one can be sure they have also occupied Anum. A letter also reports that, according, to the Awudomes, two Europeans have been seen in Asante hands, and these were probably the Anum missionaries. They hear that the Pekyis and Anums were terrified of the Asantes, and ran at the first battle, which would tend to confirm this news. This seems to have happened in Ho, where the above mentioned missionaries are quite alone with their local staff, the Ho people having apparently made no attempt at resistance. These reports are not, of course, certain, but very probably true.’ Walker adds that they have every ground to hope that the missionaries if not their property will be handled with indulgence, because six months ago the Asantehene, in gratitude for the missionaries' saving of an Asante at the hands of the Anums, is said to have assured one of the missionaries (Schönhuth) of his complete protection. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21a.II..25 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21a - Ghana 1869: D-01.21a.II. - Christiansborg Title A name given to the resource J. Walker to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 06.04.1869 Proper date: 06.04.1869 Description An account of the resource Material to the relations with Akwamu and Asante: Chief Cloko Patu of Yilosi, and a number of Gas and Akwapims (among them, some so-called educated people, have accused the King's sons; and even him (Zimmermann), in the African Times, of being in league with the Akwamus and the Asante army which has been in Akwamu for several months. The root of this is the resentment of a warlike party in the state that, according to the orders of the Governor, they had not stopped trade being carried on mainly by Ga merchants and the Asantes through the state's territory. On account of this they had several times been threatened by Akropong, the paths closed to them on several occasions, and some Krobos plundered. This letter also contains a long and hostile report on Simpson's expedition to Akwamu. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..1 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 30.06.1869 Proper date: 30.06.1869 Description An account of the resource Since his thoughts are dominated by the thought of the uncertain fate of Ho and Anum mission stations and their personnel, he is writing about the background to the catastrophe. After Simpson's visit for some time there was no news of the Asantes, the Akwamus, movements on the part of Protectorate tribes, or the of the Government. Governor Kennedy appears to have left Sierra Leone in this period, leaving Governor Glover of Lagos, an energetic military men, in his place. Governor Glover came as far as Battor in his little steamer last year, with Governor Kennedy: as well. The Cape Coast Governor was not with them, which apparently annoyed Kennedy, and would help to explain the lack of Government action since. Then two months ago news came from Krobo's northern frontier (which lies towards the Afram) and from the middle Volta (i.e. the Akwamu section). It appeared that the 5000 Asantes who seem to have been in Akwamu for a long time had been joined by 5000 more. Previously they had been in Kwahu - one days' march North West of Gyadam — under the command of the General of the whole Asante army. This group sent to tell the Krobos and Akwapoms that they had no war with them — and the Krobos and Akwapims allowed them to pass their territory unhindered. They did, however, report this movement to the King of Accra and to the Government. They received no instructions from the Governor. The King of Accra sent to say that they should send him either the Asantes or their heads. This had been forbidden by Governor Simpson, however, and in any case the Krobos had no wish to attack such a strong force unearth: alone, when they had a two—days' march long bush frontier to defend. They sent the reply to the King of Accra that they must be sent munitions or money to prepare themselves, and if they had these would be ready to attack when joined by a Ga army, and given the Governors instructions to do so. No reply was received to this message. The King's sons (for, unfortunately, the King's successor Sakite has not yet been formally installed) sent to tell the Asantes and Akwamus that that if they attacked Ayigbe ('Anum, Pekyi etc') that would be treated as an attack on the tribes on this side of the river also, and these, and the Akyem leader Dopmre, would attack them. If they did take Anum, the kings' sons asked protection for the missionaries, because the missionaries make war with no-one, and had already done much good. The Asantes sent to say in reply that the Asantehene had commanded them to protect the missionaries especially because they had saved the life of an Asante (Zimmermann comments this refers to Br. Schönhuth in Pese). They had also drunk fetish to the same effect with the Akwamus. But the missionaries (Zimmermann glosses that this means themselves) should apply to the head of the Asante force and the King of Akwamu on behalf of the missionaries in the threatened area; Zimmermann interprets this as meaning, 'send them gifts'. At which Zimmermann said to the Odumase kings' sons that he was not prepared to do this, since this would give them the appearance of traitors, and they were already suspected of acting a traitor’s role by their enemies in Akwapim and Accra. Naturally Ziummermann wrote all these rumours down in detail for the brethren in Osu and Akropong. Earlier, he had written down everything he had heard for the use of the brethren in Anum. Then came the report from Osu and Akropong that the Civil Commandant, Capt. Russel, had promised to act in the matter, and Mader and Schrenk thereupon asked him to prepare a rough sketch map of the Volta to assist him in his planning. Zimmermann did this - with the remark that it was only what he knew, not containing any specific advice. He promised to reply, but has not done so. It is said that the Governor has given King Takye of Accra (his predecessor had deposed him and deprived him of all rights) £500 to send 1000 men to support Donmpre and the Ayigbes, but that he has only sent 30, and they are still hanging around in Battor. The Osu people are also supposed to have received ammunition to pass on to the Krobos, and the Krobos have been given a promise that ammunition is coming, but so far none has arrived. Meantime news came that the Asantes and Akwamus had marched against Ayigbe (this was 4-5 weeks before the report was written) and that it would come to a battle. The kings' sons offered to go to the support of the Anum brothers either through Akwamu or by some other route. The missionaries could not allow them to do this, since any day might bring a declaration of war, and therefore new accusations of being traitors. Even the own Ga and Twi workers were becoming unsettled, and were urging either that the Asante peace messengers and Asante traders should be imprisoned or executed. A few days later came the rumour that the Asante-Akwamu army had returned to its quarters and that the King of Pekyi did not want to be involved in a war, but would rather serve Asante than Akwamu - which the Asantes would not agree to. Food supplies in Akwamu, which produces almost nothing for itself were very short, the Akwamus almost cleaned out by the Asantes, and quarrels developing between them. Krobo farms on the borders were being plundered for food, Asantes were being taken captive by the Krobos on this account, and war between Krobo and Asante began to seem very likely. From Dauromadam, which has not, however, been touched by them - you can see the Asante camp fires on the other side of the Volta, and hear their shouts. However, neither Krobo, Akwapim, Accra, nor the British government made any move. For 8-10 days everything was quiet again, then suddenly came to the rumour that without raising their swords the Asantes, Anum, Pekyi and Abotia (a town 4 hours west of Ho) had captured. The missionaries reported it to Accra and Akropong hardly believing the news - but their letter crossed with the news coming from Keta. Ayigbe was attacked simultaneously from the south-west by an Asante-Akwamu army 12-15,000 strong, and from the north east by another Asante army which crossed the Volta north of Anum. They now control the towns of Abutia, Anum, Pekyi, Bose, Barrima etc. The first two towns named were quite abandoned by their people, and were captured by two sepsrate sections of the Asante—Akwamu army. It was the advanced guard of the part of the army with which the Akwamu king is marching which took Anum. This is mostly composed of rough Donko-slaves. These people went up to the station, met the missionaries’ servants and a number of refugees totalling 40, immediately took them prisoner and shot some of them. Thereupon they took the missionaries prisoner and plundered the house. At this stage the King of Akwamu was in his headquarters either in Anum, or in the village of Khakubew. When the missionaries heard the news, he brought the three missionaries under his protection, otherwise they would have been killed. Sadly there is no news of the Ramseyer's child. They are now said to be with the King of Akwamu in camp at Tongu, east of Pekyi, unharmed, but Fr. Ramseyer is said to be very much afraid, since so many people have already been killed. Anum stood empty when it was captured, and after taking it this part of the Asante army moved east to Pekyi. They found Pekyi partly deserted, partly in flames, for it is said that the head of the Asante army himself warned the Pekyis of their coming, for which he was put in chains by one of the king’s sons serving under him, and some other Asante leaders, and handed over to the Akwamuhene. Nevertheless they apparently took 500 prisoners in Pekyi. In Anum the station and the town are intact. The army's main ambition now was to get hold of Dompre in order to send him or his head to the Asantehene. Dompre is a refugee from Asante, and a brother of his is in the Asante army. Dompre, however, withdrew to the east with the Anum—Pekyi army. Up to this point Zimmermann's information was mainly from a slave of an Asante, sold to a Krobo, and an eyewitness of the war who had arrived in Odumase 3 days previously. The next news had arrived the day the letter was written, and had come across the lower Volta. The second Asante army is said to have advanced from Akwamu eastwards across the inhabited lands to Abotia which they found deserted. At Sokote, however, there was a fight with the inhabitants which worked out unfavourably for them, after which the force moved on Ho, where the three towns were found deserted, and in flames; found the two Bremen missionaries on the station, plundered the station without damaging missionaries or buildings, and withdrew southwards towards Adaklu and Ways in order to link up with the Anglos. The Anglos, however, perhaps out of fear of English warships, and because of their worries about the Agotimes, do not seem to have hurried to join them. The existence of this second force would explain why, area even though the Ramseyers wanted to flee to Ho, they could not: while the Ho missionaries who wanted to leave were able to get at least as far as Waya. This sums up what he has heard so far. Zimmermann has attempted to send the captured missionaries a letter via the Akwamuhene, asking the latter for news, and for permission for them to write themselves. The head of the Akwamu forward posts this side of the river gave grounds for hope that they will hear today or tomorrow. He also told the missionaries are well. The missionaries, and the king's sons, must be careful, however, not to be regarded as traitors treating with the enemy, even though the Colonial Government has not declared war, and even though there is little excitement among the tribes in the Protectorate. He will be guided by the Missions Executive Committee on the Gold Coast as to exactly how far he should go in trying to free the prisoners without the Government's active permission. (There is an passage on the weakness of the English colonial government). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 01.07.1869 Proper date: 01.07.1869 Description An account of the resource The letter is accompanied by a sketch map. Reports news which, he says, is obviously from Akwamu sources, and though too good to be completely true nevertheless came from sources he feels are reliable. According to these, the Asante-Akwamu army divided into two at the Labo, one group taking the Abotia-Ho route, although according to this news Ho was not plundered. While the Akwamuhene moved direct on Pekyi, a section of Asantes in the same part of the army went to Anum, burned the town, and arrived at the mission station just as the Ramseyers were laying the table. They broke into Br. Kuhne's room - he tried to resist them, whereupon he was roughly handled, and the group began to plunder the Station. As soon sent the Akwamuhene heard this news he took the missionaries under his protection, and part of their property has also been rescued. Their servants have not been harmed, and no-one has been killed among the group of Ga refugees with them. The Station has been shut up and handed over to the care of the chief of Pese — whom the missionaries know, and who is a sensible and energetic man - and an Asante chief. The cotton store is under their control. The missionaries — including the little Ramseyer child - are well, suffer no wants, are attended by their servants, and with the Akwamuhene in Pekyi. The scenes of murder and pillage are not being conducted before their eyes. The Akwamuhene apparently regards them as potential hostages to use in staving off the danger of a Ga attack. Dompre made a night attack on the Asantes at Pekyi: the next day they attacked him three times taking many prisoners. The quarrel over the Asante general and his message to Pekyi has been settled, since no secret attack was intended. It is said that as soon as the Asante-Akwamu army has got hold of the head of the opposing force they will return home. They want no war with the protectorate. They have captured 9 towns, and three have voluntarily submitted. Zimmermann has had no answer to his letter, but the head of the garrison this side of the river has promised him something will come in the course of this week. Civil—Commandant Russell has written to the Krobos, allowing them to fight the Asantes if the Asantes attack them (Zimmermann adds an exclamation mark), and guaranteeing them £100 for munitions. The letter, dated 20th June, arrived this day. The Civil-Commandant also gives them permission to make direct contact with the Akwamuhene on behalf of the captive missionaries. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 04.07.1869 Proper date: 04.07.1869 Description An account of the resource The day before Sakite sent a messenger to Akwamu - a Krobo man who was born in Akwamu - with someone else who had been being held in Odumase as a hostage. With them went a written message as urging to the Akwamuhene the release of the captive missionaries), also wrote a letter asking for news, and advising that at least the Ramseyer family should be allowed back, if only for the sake of the peace of the area. The day the letter was written Zimmermann and Laissle had been to the Akwamu border, visited the last Krobo village Yogaga and its single Christian inhabitant, and preached there. Their journey was partly to see if they could learn any news from the other side of the Volta. On their return they found Odumase in a great state of excitement. A lapsed Krobo Christian, who was also a grandson of Oloku Patu in Yilosi, by name Natanael Nate, along with an ex-Basel Mission school pupil and baptismal candidate had captured 5 Akwamu women by a trick, and brought them to Krobo. The local people, fearing the impact of this in the border areas, had taken the women from his control and chained him to the block. The Chief was not present while all this was occurring. Nate called the missionaries to be eye-witnesses of his maltreatment, and claimed to have been acting under instructions from the Government and kings Takyi and Kodscho in Accra, and in the mission's interests since the Akwamus had captured the missionaries and destroyed the station. The local people were saying that, rather, instead of annoying the Akwamus messengers should be being sent to ask for their release. Zimmermann and Laissle knew that the cunning man had promised to commit this act in Accra in order to make good the fact that he had been smuggling goods into Akwamu hands (people even say he has been involved in supplying them with ammunition), and at the same time to find a way to pay his debts. He certainly has no orders from the Government for what he has done. The missionaries spoke with him about all this but asked the people to give him the respect due to a son of a Krobo king, to free him, but to keep him in Odumase until his grandfather and the Krobo leadership had decided what should be done in his case. They also urged them to treat the Akwamu women in a friendly way. The missionaries’ proposals were accepted. They had scarcely arrived home when a letter was brought in from the Executive Committee, along with a formal letter from the Civil Commandant stating that attempts to rescue the imprisoned missionaries on human grounds would not be regarded as making illegal contact with the enemy. The Executive Committee asked Zimmermann and Sakite to do their utmost to achieve the freeing of the prisoners, or at least obtain for them the opportunity to return to the Station. At the same time arrived a messenger from the chief of Kotropeli, an Akwamu village on this side of the river, a man who is also related to the royal family in Odumase. This included the news that Anum and Pekyi have accepted Akwamu’s overlordship; the Akwamus and Asantes want to return home; that Sakite should send an embassy of the utmost reliability to negotiate with the Akwamuhene about the missionaries, or to receive them at his hands. Sakite discussed the matter with them and in the morning his brother, Peter Nyarko, accompanied by 'our people' will set out to find the Akwamuhene in his camp in order to do what he can for the release of the captives. The Nyarko expedition went with only a little money from the missionaries in order not to excite the avarice of the Akwamuhene. Sakite considers that, even if the men want to return to Anum, they should at least accompany Mrs Ramseyer into Krobo, so that everyone can see for themselves that the Akwamuhene has released them, and that they return to Anum of their own free will. The king's sons have a good hope in relation to this mission, because the Akwamu villages this side of the Volta are almost entirely without food, and depending on Krobo for their supplies. (A coloured sketch-map is attached to this letter). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.21b.VII..6a Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.21b - Ghana 1869: D-01.21b.VII. - Odumase Title A name given to the resource Zimmermann to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.III. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Abokobi Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22a.IV. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22a - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Odumase Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.V. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Akropong Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VI. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Aburi Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VIII. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870 Title A name given to the resource Ada Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 03.01.1871 Proper date: 03.01.1871 Description An account of the resource In the course of the year Missionary Haas had joined the station. There were 34 members of the community at the end of 1870 (there had been 37 the previous year), 17 communicants (21 before), and 6 catechumens. There were 15 pupils in the boarding school, and 5 day-pupils. In Kukurantumi the number in the community had increased from 11 to 13, 5 of them communicants. Certain minor adjustments had been made to the boundaries of the mission lands and longstanding quarrels had thus been ended. A special building for the Boarding School was being put up, but this was hindered by the fact that the Okyenhene's opposition to the missionaries had recently been expressed in a law charging them 32 dollars for every tree they cut down – and since one tree often only yields 1000 shingles, this is a serious hindrance. It appears there was a missionary presence in Begoro for quite a long time. Lodholz travelled there in June (his other major journey was to Akanteng in West Akim) Kwabi was there for most of the time from January to August. In the community, besides the absolute decrease in numbers there were 6 members excluded from the Communion service. 2 were excluded from the community on account of misdeeds, one man moved away and is now attending the Wesleyan church in Anomabu. 2 boys from the Kibi school entered Middle School in Akropong. There were 6 baptisms, but none of adults. Morning and evening prayers were attended only without enthusiasm by a number of members. The 2 excluded from the community were a youth and girl who had committed adultery, the girl being one of those under Mrs Kromer - from the same group two girls left being unwilling to live under regular discipline, and are among the numbers of those excluded from communicating. The community is weakened by the fact that there is no regular source, of income for the members - it would be better if there were, for example, a locksmith's centre where they could be employed. Kukurantumi - the land case is still unsettled, and likely to remain so since the man who originally sold the land to the Akwapims is now dead. The congregation, and the town, are anxious about having their catechist removed - Lodholz thinks, however, it is too late for them to repine, now important developments in the community have occurred in the year. Two schoolboys, one of whom had given up the Kibi school, the other having been expelled from Akropong and refused the place of carpenters' apprentice which Missionary Bellon found for him, had returned to Kukurantumi but were very weak in their adherence. One of the two people excluded in the previous year had returned, having both confessed the sin of marrying a heathen, and having given the marriage up. The other showed no signs of applying for re-acceptance. The pupils in the Boarding School had declined from c25 to 13-15, partly due to the natural process of pupils reaching the end of their course, partly because a few had it left of their own free will, partly because in Kibi the chief and elders had not fulfilled a promise to send more boys, while beyond Kibi the town was thought of as a hungry community. One explanation for the small number of the increase in Kibi is the fact that there is an agreement among the chief and elders that should a slave or pawn announce himself for baptism, he should be sold away from Kibi. This accounts for the fact that an old man from Piedu’s household, though had been a close friend of Abraham Boama, though he applied for baptismal instruction, has not completed it. Towns in Akim visited by preachers in the year - Apapam, Date-Ntem, Apedya, Tete, Asiakwa, Tafo, Siim, Annyinasen, Mase. In Tafo Kwabi writes that the fetish has prohibited his preaching there any more on the grounds that if this is not done the snails will not return. In conclusion he characterises their work as the seed-time in Akim, whose fruits will be shown in future generations. The elders of Akim show indifference or downright hostility to mission work at the moment. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..18 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Annual Report for 1870 (Lodholz' Handwriting) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 18.01.1870 Proper date: 18.01.1870 Description An account of the resource 1. The report of Mader’s inspection. The pupils performed well or very well in biblical history, biblical geography, reading, religious knowledge, natural history. In arithmetic a good groundwork had been laid. Teacher Ako should use his picture book more in his teaching (Haas explained that not much of the German text had yet been translated for him). Memory work, the learning of texts and singing left something to be desired. 2. Changes in the syllabus. Mader suggests that they teach general geography for 2 hours a week in the top class. Memory work in the upper classes should be done by the pupils at home. World history should be studied in the top two classes for 2 hours a week. Arithmetic should be taught 4 and not 2 hours a week. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..1 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Minutes of a Conference about the Kibi School Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.04.1870 Proper date: 28.04.1870 Description An account of the resource A report on his arrival in Kibi and his early activities in the School. Koforidua he found in two parts - old Koforidua now deserted, and with the houses falling in, and new Koforidua, ten minutes further away from Akropong. At Kukurantumi they had much trouble with their Kibi carriers, who effectively went on strike for more subsistence pay. He is teaching the boys in the school to make their own clothes. He has instituted a new regime (timetable) in the school which includes reducing free time for clothes washing and ironing on Saturdays from the whole day to the morning. Also, whereas before the boys had been given unlimited time to go to the town for their food, he has now limited their two mealtimes a day to a total of one hour each. Unless the teacher himself is supervised he does not see that work is being done in the coffee farm. Two cases are offered of parents pleading that their son should be allowed to remain in school after being expelled. In one case a senior boy had come back from a mealtime in the town late and drunk - there had been a heathen festival in progress and Haas laments that under the circumstances in which the boys have to eat they have no way of stopping them participating to some extent in such festivals. The missionaries agreed that the boy should have the choice between expulsion and a beating, and the boy chose the latter. One sad case which had just occurred was that of the senior and most gifted pupil who had simply disappeared without trace. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..4 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Haas to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 28.04.1870 Proper date: 28.04.1870 Description An account of the resource A report of a serious dispute between the missionaries and the Kibi chief and elders over the question of their subjects' becoming Christian. The occasion of the dispute was a case concerning the convert Sakyi (see Lodholz’ Report 1869 No 16). He had been accused before his Asafohene of some misdemeanour by a Kukurantumi woman, after which he was fined two sheep by the Asafo for taking baptismal instruction and intending to be baptised. He had no warning that this was to be raised, but stoutly defended his statement that he no longer believed in fetishes and wanted to become a Christian. The missionaries immediately took this question up with the Okyenhene and his elders, citing the fact that in English law no-one in the protectorate could be persuaded against becoming a Christian. In this hearing Sakyi again spoke for himself as someone wanting to become a Christian. The court decided against Sakyi. On the missionaries pressing the matter, Kwasi Amoako (Sakyi and Doku both belonged to his household) expressed bitter opposition to the missionaries especally on account of their having carried on the baptismal instruction of his people behind his back. He would not allow it – ‘they are my sons, they must obey me'. Most of the elder spoke in the same vein that they would never allow their slaves and pawns to be baptised. The Okyenhene said nothing. Eventually after much to-ing and fro-ing, the elders agreed that if someone wanted to be baptised, the missionaries themselves should, ask the masters permission, that this in the context (so Lodholz' working implies) of many statements that slaves and pawns should never be baptised. The meeting broke up with the missionaries offering to draft an agreement on these lines for signature on the next day. Overnight the Christians warned them that this was only a front for a secret agreement to sell away slaves and pawns who proposed to be baptised. They also agreed that, since Sakyi had not broken away from his Asafo before, they should not send his case to the English courts. The next day, however, the council, did not go as had been agreed. Kwasi Amoako openly stated that he hated the 'Word of God', and for the first time (in this council) the Okyenhene spoke against them - the missionaries thought that he must have been worked on by his mother Ampofoa and aunt Sekyira. 'Must I let my horn-blowers, my drummers, my pipers my sword-bearers and executioners, my hammock-carriers etc. become Christians? If I do, when I can no longer carry out my (fetish) ceremonies, nor can I receive foreign embassies worthily. Whoever has an obligation to serve me will never be allowed to become a Christian.' Lodholz’ comment is that this was an almost annihilating stroke for their work - it would involve its being restricted to their boarding school pupils, since almost everyone had some small office at some ceremony to perform. Kromer replied in terms that God had done great things for Akim through the agency of the Europeans - they were free of the Asante yoke. This attitude was poor return for such blessings. At this the king stood up in a rage and shouted ‘Do you mean, Kromer, that if you go away I shall have to carry stones from Accra to Kumasi like my fathers? - and went out. At the yam festival which followed soon after the Asiakwa chief tried to mediate between Okyenhene and missionaries, but the missionaries stood firm on their condition that there must be freedom of religion. During Mader’s January visit, however, the king returned, to a friendly attitude to them, and the original agreement was revived. Nevertheless Sakyi, though attending services kefused baptism at the last moment, offering no satisfactory reason other than that his relatives were opposed to it and he feared evil consequences. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Lodholz' Report for the First Quarter of 1870 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 30.04.1870 Proper date: 30.04.1870 Description An account of the resource Reports that reconciliation with the Okyenhene was bound up with Asante’s mission in Begoro. When Asante eventually made contact with the Kwahu man who was to take the message to Kumasi the Okyenhene heard of it and required the man to be arrested and brought to Kibi. Asante asked the Kibi missionaries to intervene to prevent this, and the Okyenhene agreed on condition that they took full responsibility in the event that the British Government regarded this as a breach of their instructions that Akim should break of all relations with any Asante state. On a recent visit to Kukurantumi the people had not even bothered to gather for street preaching. Meanwhile in Asiakwa the people want to know if they are ever going to get a teacher. Attached to this reports as Postscripts are comments by Widmann dated 15 June 1870 and Mader dated 29 Jun 1870. Widman argues that Kukurantumi’s only importance is its geographical position – the meeting points of roads to the coast from Begoro, Kwahu, Kibi, and Asiakwa. It was only settled in the difficult situation following the destruction of Gyadam – and the settlement of Gyadam in turn would not have occurred had the missionaries gone about establishing the Akim mission in the proper way. Asiakwa would be the better place for an outstation. Mader remarks that Begoro would be the place for a second station staffed by missionaries. It has a good climate, it is one day's journey from Kwahu, and could therefore be the fore-post of-the Asante Mission. It is also possibly the most populous town in Akim. Asiakwa could hardly be the station for more missionaries, it is too close to Kibi. With reference to other Akim places visited in the quarter Kromer remarks that Pano is a fanatical fetish town. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.22b.VII..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.22b - Ghana 1870: D-01.22b.VII. - Kjebi Title A name given to the resource Kromer's Report for the First Quarter 1870