303 20 77964 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 06.10.1855 Proper date: 06.10.1855 Description An account of the resource The letter is summarised in Missionsmagazin 1855, vol II pp.37-38). Additional material from the text: The close relations between Süss and collector Vether were genuine on both sides. David Asante was also impressed with him. The man had been a teacher in Badagry; and Sierra Leone as a printer. He was a member of the Niger Expedition, and got the idea of founding a mission-trading township from that. But this had never come about. Now he was on Cape Coast and had got the appointment as Collector (of the Poll Tax) for the two Akim kingdoms. Vether actually spoke on the Predigtübergänge on which he accompanied Süss. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.06.IV..48 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.06 - Ghana 1855: D-01.06.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Süss to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 13.12.1855 Proper date: 13.12.1855 Description An account of the resource This letter is printed in full apparently with no editing in the appendix to the Annual Report for 1856, p. 101f. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.06.IV..49 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.06 - Ghana 1855: D-01.06.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Süss to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 01.09.1856 Proper date: 01.09.1856 Description An account of the resource Report of a journey to Akwamu. Little information on the journey through Krobo. The first Akwamu town reached was Kotropee, apparently on the bank of the Volta, A fetish priest here .forbade the catechist trainees from entering any of the houses because they were wearing European clothes. In Akwamu they were received and lodged by a ‘Feldherr’ by name Kwame Boo, probably accompanied with Mader because it was late evening, and there was a fetish prohibition on the King meeting them. In the morning the King received them with full ceremony in the assembly of his elders and people with firing of guns etc. In describing Akwamu Mader writes as if the development of trading is something to happen in the future - they foresee a time when there will be steamboat connections between Ada and Akwamu, though the river will not prove easy to navigate where it flows past the end of the Akwapim mountains. The, town site is little above the level of the river's and is therefore hot, especially as it is hemmed in on three sides by hills. There are also swamps around it in the wet season. Around it are groups of ruined housed, and there is discussion as to whether these are from some previous river-side town, or whether they are a sign that Akwamu itself has declined. Mader estimates that it has about half of the population of Akropong: They are farming peoples, mostly in cooperation with the local peoples. Akwamu seems to be in some sort of secret alliance with Asanti, and could be a bridge between Akwapim and Asante. The king’s rule seems rather despotic, and this makes Akwamu like Asante, so does the history of the cruelties of the former Akwamu, though publicly at least these are no longer practised on such a scale. The missionaries noted that they saw hardly one healthy young man in the town, and people seemed old before their time. Though the chief welcomed them, his face was stamped with a coarse vulgarity. The whole life of the town seemed subject to the fetishes, and Kwame Boo told them in quite matter of fact way that 4 slaves had been killed at the recent death of one of the members of the Royal family. For the present Akwamu seems closed to the mission (this refers not to a prohibition by the king, but the likelihood of a response to the mission by the people). On leaving, they received no satisfactory reply to their request for a son of the king to be sent to school, and they were delayed for several hours by “deceitfulness” on the part of the king, when they were set to return (NB: the mission in Osu had had a lot to do with a son of the king, now about 10 years old, who had been. in the fort as a hostage, and who suffered from epilepsy). After their return to Akropong, Mader heard that Kwane Boo who lad looked after them very well, had been accused of poisoning and condemned to death. This is report he had reason to believe was true. The local mission people believe that he was really not guilty, and that he was removed by the king because of his wealth and eminence. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..21 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Mader's Travel Report Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 24.04.1856 Proper date: 24.04.1856 Description An account of the resource A new missionary, Baum, arrived on 24 April. Süss himself has bought 4 free slaves to work for him, and Baum has bought 2 pawns. This is a big enough group for the Christian liturgies. Süss feels a very heavy responsibility towards bringing these people to baptism. The report is summarized in the Missionsmagazin 1856, IV. p. 47) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..55 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Süss to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 25.07.1856 Proper date: 25.07.1856 Description An account of the resource The report is concerned with Baum’s first journey to Gyadam, made difficult by the fact that he was severely ill during the journey, was also alone, and plague by unreliable carriers whom he seems not to have handled very firmly. Another point of some interest is that among his stores on the journey was chocolate; and that he was regularly taking quinine to cure the fever. Additional material in this report unpublished: no missionary work has apparently been done in the villages surrounding Gyadam. The bulk of this is published in Heidenbote 1856, p. 105f. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..67 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Baum's Quarterly Report Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 09.08.1856 Proper date: 09.08.1856 Description An account of the resource The first part of the letter is dominated by the problem of economic relations with the local population. Baum writes that they are open beggars, and not above stealing what they cannot make for themselves. Apparently they have sayings (proverbs) “We take the white man’s things”, “When the black man finds out that he will remain poor here, he feels that he would rather have been born in Europe”. He writes that if you do not give them something when they have visited you, they feel as if they have lost something. This problem extends to their relationship with the king. On Baum’s arrival the King visited him often, and made some presents of food. Howeve, he clearly expected a return for this, and after these were going to be limited to a fine Chinese fan and a razor, the king began to put pressure on the missionaries. Eventually he walked off with a suit of clothes belonging to Süss which valued Süss at 15 Thalers. The missionaries then set themselves to obtain payment, eventually offering to take a pound or land, but when they were shown a plot which they might have, it turned out to be one made over to Süss long ago, so the missionaries went back to asking for money. After persistent attempts to get payment Süss appears to have taken away a boy as a pawn and secured him to a log. This precipitated a violent incident when next day the king came with some elders and 2 idlers in tattered jackets. Baum calls them “Schiedsgerichte”. They were followed by a crowd of people who broke down fences and made off with clothes and handkerchiefs, loss valued at 24 Thaler. They also stole a double barrelled gun belonging to Süss. Although the king threatened serious punishment there seemed to Baum little hope of them being returned. Exactly what the judgment of this court was was Baum not to say, except that Süss did not accept it, and threatened to appeal to the colonial government, which Baum says is worth nothing in this district. Eventually however people in Gyadam were prohibited from selling anything to the missionaries. Much of the account of the steps towards the progressive1y worsening situation is written in the third person singular, and Baum makes a point of mentioning that during the informal court in the mission compound the king was friendly enough to him. (Continue on 22 August). The king has visited them in a friendly spirit, and Süss’ gun has been returned. The Prohibition on selling to the missionaries has not been fully effective, and the people who are selling to them are not exploiting their weak position. 2 young men of Gyadam and one slave brought from another place are trying to attach themselves to the missionaries, though Baum is sure this is because of the material advantages which would follow, and not on account of their preaching. On August 11th the King of Cape Coast arrived as an emissary of the British government, with the question whether the Gyadam people were going to pay the Headtax or not. (Letter continued on 29th August). The Cape-Coast emissary became involved in the settlement of the quarrel between mission and the chief of Gyadam. One of the Gyadam people was quite openly wearing part of the stolen cloth- In the end, however, the Cape Coast chief decided that the missionaries, should accept the land which Baum says about 1/3 of the land Süss had already bought. There is a rumour that the Gyadam chief gave the Cape Coast chief a large present of gold and sheep. The missionaries propose to take the case before the English commandant. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..57 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Baum to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 16.10.1856 Proper date: 16.10.1856 Description An account of the resource The letter includes some account of happenings in Gyadam. Before his departure he had prepared some people for baptism - a Gyadam young man, an Accra man who had been living in Gyadam for several years, and several of our own people. In his version of the history of the difficulties the king bought the cloth on 14 days’ credit, and only later declined to pay. The pawn was actually banded over by the king, and Süss handed him back, after seriously threatening to retain him. The disorderly event in the mission compound emerged from nothing in particular, except that the two idlers in tattered clothes described by Baum are according to Süss' people sent by the government from the Coast over the question of the head tax. He also threatened to use his gun when the crowd of people who came with the king broke down the doors of his house - it was at this point- that the gun was seized. It also seems that in the week or so on each side of these violent scenes the missionaries received two consignments each of two loads (Kisten) of cloth. The second was brought from Christiansborg partly by a slave of the Gyadam chief's. Later the king tried to fine Süss 32 Thalers for threatening with the gun. He gives some history of his early days in Gyadam. How one of the king's wives having agreed to feed him for 2 months went away to trade after 14 days, but when, he appealed to the king for restitution of the goods, he had paid to the woman, the king gave him one of his female slaves to look after him (at this stage he went through two severe three-week bouts of fever). He remembers seeing from his sickbed a fish-trader passing through the town, from whom he bought fish. There is a long story about his supplies of meat from the king, the point of which seems to be that the king had not been a very careful host during his illness. Following from this is a history of conflict over the fixing of rents in which again the king is seen by Süss as not protecting his appropriately (Hence his desire, for a separate independent homestead). The trade theme emerges from this discussion too, at one stage Süss agrees to a price for the renting of a whole house, but the landlord shortly after takes back much of the house for his trading affairs (In this context the troubles which broke out between Süss and the king in .the summer of 1856 were simply a continuation in an intensified scale off difficulties which had existed before. Süss makes this point in the latter part of the letter, and indeed it is one that Baum makes at the end of 9 Aug 56, that Baum’s coming increased the scale of wealth present in the station, and this sharpened the king’s capacity. On these grounds Baum reckoned that the king's original protection of Süss was in the nature of a long-term investment. Neither comment on the possible discrepancy between this apparent objective and the amount of income the king was obtaining from the missionaries. Süss’ rent palavers before he set up on his own were concerned with 12-25 thalers yearly. On the other hand one can see how Baum's coming may have upset a precarious balance of misunderstanding; on his fever-ridden journey to Gyadam he had had much carrier trouble, and been forced to pay as much as one thaler per carrier for distances like Kukurantumi-Gyadam. This sum had been the price for the whole journey Akropong-Gyadam before presumably the king wanted his cut of the new scale of incoming available from the missionaries. Another factor of course which does not emerge clearly from the letters is that Süss was getting more and more interested in the trading possibilities in sites like Gyadam; the dating of the growth of this is not clear, but again must have given the king the feeling that there were increasing resources to tax in this field. One minor social history point emerging from this letter is that one of the houses which Süss rented had locks on the doors put there by the landlord. Another point: he and Baum actually had plans for a journey to Ada to buy cattle when the trouble broke out. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..63 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Süss to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 16.12.1856 Date late: 03.01.1857 Proper date: 16.12.1856-03.01.1857 Description An account of the resource Goes over some parts of the history again about the time of Baum's arrival he had had to spend 6 weeks in bed with a wound in his foot, and during the palaver had been much troubled by sleeplessness, headaches etc. He describes the main pressures during the previous summer now to the decision by the Gyadam people that they would no longer trade with him. Though equally- if the mission's property was not to be protected, and there were going to be pressures on the mission to give up its land, his concept of the future development of the station would not be possible to realise (NB he seems to imply in this letter that land around the mission plot had now been complete, handed out by the king). Hence his decision to move (although this is presented as a possible course of action for Baum or himself because the scope for their work was not adequate for two men) He also mentions for the first time the Cape Coast prince whom he describes as soon to be the chief of Cape Coast, and named Manya. He was apparently escorted by soldiers. Süss description of the palaver at this stage implies that had got so complicated by claims and counter-claims that it would have been difficult to bring it to a settlement. NB the man wearing stolen cloth was doing so openly in the King's house in this account of that incident also. Süss does not repeat Baum's charges against Manya. NB: a point of interest about the mission's claim to land in Gyadam is that on receiving the land Süss had somehow drafted a document describing the land and stating his ownership of it which had been signed by one of the Gyadam elders. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..65 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Süss to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 12.09.1856 Proper date: 12.09.1856 Description An account of the resource Has decided to stay on in Gyadam alone and says will be therefore have to do without the help of the Mission. Therefore he has been working in the fields. Technologically he seems to be introducing the axe and scythe. He complains about the way he has to stay by his workmen all the time if they are to work steadily, also the petty theft problem. Although he is used to sweat the conditions are such in Gyadam that he cannot work as he does in Germany – a tree the thickness of a man he could only oen third hew before being quite out of breath. He expresses frustration at not being able to work as he does at home, and amazement at the locals who work scarcely one quarter or one sixth of the hours of a German farmer. There is no information as to the origins and size of his labour force, nor does there seem any account of developments in the holding of the services. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.07.IV..56 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.07 - Ghana 1856: D-01.07.IV. - Akropong Title A name given to the resource Baum to Steinhauser Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.I. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857 Title A name given to the resource Christiansborg Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.II. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857 Title A name given to the resource Abokobi Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.III. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857 Title A name given to the resource Abude Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.IV. Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857 Title A name given to the resource Akropong Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 03.01.1857 Proper date: 03.01.1857 Description An account of the resource It emerges from the text that he is keeping pigs and asking if he can sell the pork, spending his times of health in carpentry. The news of the sending out of two new missionaries to Gyadam arrived on a day when he could not read his letter till the evening but then he felt "as young as an eagle, and hardly knew what to do. I clapped my hands, beat on the table, jumped in the air (his staff laughed at his childish gestures, but he could not help them and laughed too”). The king of Gyadam once said that if the missionaries left, he would live in their house. After the first few pages in fact this letter is concerned with the question of what to do about Gyadam, in view of the bad health conditions there (as exemplified in the careers of both Süss and Baum – the first part is an account of his illness in the last quarter of 1856). The question is pondered from several angles - Agyeman (the king of Gyadam) has been extremely friendly to Baum since Süss left, but the brothers agree that his face shows a basic duplicity, and Baum agrees that when, for example, the king tells him that he can have a wide stretch of land reaching right to the banks of the Birim, it is more significant that in spite of requests for this to occur proper boundary stones have not been set up along the land already occupied by the mission. The people as a whole would probably want the mission to stay. Trade is somewhat slack since the troubles of the summer, but then in Gyadam, as in the whole of Akim, the missionaries have probably overestimated the possibilities of trade. The predominance of gold-dust as currency is a check on trade since it is bound up with so much dickering and fraud – even 6 year old boys in Gyadam are taught how to practice deception with the gold scales. The problem with land in Gyadam is that if the king makes land over to the missionaries in any permanent way he is pressed for similar by other people. There is some discussion of the relative merits of Gyadam and Dauromadam as mission stations, and indeed as sites for colonies of German settlers (Süss has suggested Gyadam would be suitable for this). Most of the points raised are the expected ones, but it is interesting that he compares Gyadam unfavourably with Dauromadam on the grounds that he knows that a few hours away from Dauromadam there is a market where twi and krobo are spoken, and different articles can be bought, while in Gyadam it is possible to buy only bananas, plantains and some meats. The second half of the letter is mostly taken up with a discussion of Baum’s relations with Süss while the two of them were at Gyadam together. The main picture which emerges is of Süss being quite unable to live communally with Baum in the tense days of the struggle with the king. But Baum also says that there were only weekly prayers on the station: that he and Süss never prayed together about their difficulties: that as far as he could see never spent time in private prayer; and that he had the time and strength to go preaching away from Gyadam though he never did. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..3 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Baum to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 27.01.1857 Proper date: 27.01.1857 Description An account of the resource Articles signed between Süss and Baum after consultation with the Akropong brothers about their joint conduct at the Dauromadam station. Apart from half the year's support for Baum, equally divided between the twi and Ga districts, the station is to be self-supporting on the basis of trade-agriculture and industry. Süss is to be the economic director, Baum's job is to learn to preach in twi and set out to work among the Akwamus. Arbitration procedures are set up in the case of disagreement between them. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..4 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Instruction for Süss and Baum Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 27.02.1857 Proper date: 27.02.1857 Description An account of the resource No real reason is offered for his return to Gyadam in spite of the instruction from 27 January 1857 (see No. 4). His property has been unmolested since his going: but (neither) have king or people apparently shown any positive signs of their attitude to him since his return. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..5 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Baum to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 01.04.1857 Proper date: 01.04.1857 Description An account of the resource The Mission has set him the problem of advising alternative possible stations in Akim if Gyadam becomes impossible to hold. They suggest Kibi or Koforidua. Baum comments: Kibi is no healthier than Gyadam. Koforidua has at most 20 families living there, but very isolated - apart from one village ¾ hour inland with 6 families there is nothing but 6 hours of forest before you come to Kukurantumi. Kukurantumi is again rather a small village – the only thing to be said in favour of either of either these two is that they are on the main footpath, but if there were to be a station on this path it would be better placed at Taro, where again only about 60 families live, although it is a neat village, and has a friendly chief. ¾ of an hour further inland there is another village, but this is an unfriendly one dominated by fetish practices. The problem with all of these is that they are in King Atta’s area, and he is already annoyed at the Mission’s going to Gyadam. He would probably only want a station in his capital, and would have the power to enforce this wish. Begoro is another place which should be considered. Baum has recently visited there, and reckons that since it is higher it would be healthier. It is not quite as large as Gyadam, and there are not so many nearby villages. In Gyadam at the moment relations with their king are good. The mission now has, for 50 Thaler extra-payment taken over the whole stretch of land over towards the river Birim. A project to obtain land on a nearby hill was negative because the hill was a fetish land. There are still no boundary posts, however. The second quarter of the letter is given to further discussion of the troubles of mid-1856. There are some vivid glimpses of an enraged Agyeman – at one point Baum writes that the Cape Coast prince had to intervene when Agyeman was threatening to assault Süss. He also says that he and Süss were specifically forbidden to go and settle elsewhere in Agyeman’s land, and that more than once it was said that if Süss went then the king would have a good house. The latter part of the letter is a list of 12 things necessary for the development of the station: 1. A wife — to take care of the mission house, and look after the man. At present one of the men has to look after the cooking, and of course the local women do not know anything about sewing. If like Frau Mohr in Akropong he knew something about midwifery she would be very welcome in Gyadam also. 2. Permission to buy certain stores to replace those which have gone mouldy in Gyadam (20 pounds rice, 6 pounds lard, 3 sesters of Welschkorn). In view of the difficulties he advises that each brother should be allowed 200 Thalers ‘for this year’. He also says so far no corn has ripened in Gyadam. 3. Permission to build a solid house 4. Permission to build a chapel/school. 5. Permission to bring in cows for meat and milk – since in Akim cows are left to go about in herds 6. A horse. Baum cannot get people to carry him 7. A press for oil and fruit juices 8. A footwinch for sawing 9. Permission for furniture 10. School materials 11. Certain tools 12. Quinine He also asks for certain things which are not necessary but which would be very useful – a small table bell, a bell for the outside of his house, and a bell for the chapel, and baptism and communion furniture. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..6 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Baum to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 14.07.1857 Proper date: 14.07.1857 Description An account of the resource In describing the difficulties involved in getting people to act as carriers in the expedition with the two new brothers from Christiansborg to Gyadam, Baum says he had his two people with him. On arriving in Gyadam they found that a new house which someone had promised to complete was not completed, and still has not been finished – Baum complains that he has only been working with three men on the fields. He also experienced considerable problems buying building materials and arranging payments (inflated rumours of) are quoted to him. One interesting incident occurred when he needed bundles of palm leaves for thatching, and when this was known a group of about 20 men came and offered to bring some for him, at 24 Kreuzer. Normal price 6 Kreuzer. Baum refused - and a few days later was able to buy some at the proper price from a slave, to whom after they had agreed on 6 Kreuzer, he in fact paid 12. Baum preached it twi for the first time on April 26th. And he discusses the problem of preaching a little: It has to be quite unlike preaching at home (he implies a simplicity of structure by listing the sermon-designs common in Europe which you leave on one side in mission work). First you say what God is, because as far as he can see when he has talked about God in the past people have thought of the clouds in the sky. Even the two boys whom Süss gave catechumenal instructions to, and two mulatto boys from Osu who had baptised parents seem to think of God in this way. Baum also recites an incident in which a man had recently wished to seem pious, and he told him that he had been praying to God for gold. Baum asked him where God was and he pointed upwards. Baum then suggested to him that eternal treasure for the soul were more to be sought after, and that in this context gold was a “Nichtigkeit” (nullity), the man laughed and quoted a proverb to him. “Look up at the top of the trees, and you will see the vultures”. As a comment he offered the aphorism that for the Akims, gold is their god – the belly is inappropriate in this case because they do not eat as well as Europeans, and apparently do not regret their diet much – he reckons he had heard a proverb which goes “Better an empty belly than a tired arm”. Baum reckons local people do not really pray – he had asked his people about this and they say that people pray for health. He had asked his people if they pray themselves, and though they said “Yes”, they wouldn't tell him anymore. He is clearly preaching not simply in Gyadam, but in the surrounding villages - his audience’s number 10-50, though once in an afternoon he could not get anyone to listen in one village, although people were sitting around in the street. It is not done, however, for elders to stand around in the street, so that unless, as in one case mentioned, Baum preached near where a group of elders was sitting, it was unlikely that his audiences included people of this rank. Baum does mention one elder who stayed within earshot one day – his son visits him a great deal (In the discussion of this point Baum mentions that while before the breakdown in re1ations between mission and chief Agyeman came to visit them often, his successor came seldom). At p 10 of the letter he gives an account of the labour force on the station: (i) There is a man and his wife who have a debt of 32 Thalers which –they are paying off by working for the mission for 6 years. (ii) There is a man with a debt of 37 Thalers - he has brought his sister, and together they are working and praying off (1/2 or 1 Thaler each month) (iii) Another man with a debt of 25 Thalers. (iv) Three boys from Osu whose father and his youngest uncle together owe Baum 20 Thaler Süss had the system of boarding these people at the Mission station, but since the crowding at the station resulting from the coming of more missionaries Baum has been saying them only their monthly wages, and sending them into the town to sleep, though this cannot last long because of the bad influence the town will have on them. The monthly wages for the man and his wife are 4 Fr. 40. Baum says he needs more labour, but he has little desire to buy slaves. He has morning prayers at dawn for the people now in the station, and the whole labour force comes evening prayers after work. Baum also reports a case of a Fante who cohabited with one of the king’s wives - for over a year he has been chained to the block and she is allowed to go about with her feet chained together, The man’s fine is 68 Thaler, and since the price of a slave is only 30-36 Thaler he cannot raise the money. A message has come from the new governor that that the king may execute him if he wishes, but nothing has happened so far. Baum remarks that the king has 39 wives – they do not live in his house, but in the town, and while the oldest is 60 years old, the king usually takes a new young girl each year. (Subscripts from 22 and 26 July). Baum discussed news concerning crime and the English government. Atta at Kibi has just executed a man believed to be guilty of the death of his (the king’s) mother 18 months before. Baum obviously puts some trust in the rumour that Atta has altogether put 30 people to death on his count, although when he visited Kibi in may he met a teacher sent there by the governor with whom he discussed the rumour, who said that Atta could possibly not have done this (Baum also reports a rumour that the teacher had left Kibi and returned to Cape Coast out of fear). Ada’s twin brother is said to have left Kibi and settled in one of the Accra villages where he is seizing Akim people to sell them, this on account of pique (according to Baum) that he had not been chosen king by the people. Baum himself was asked to read a proclamation to Agyemang from the British government. This reported some ritual child murder in Akim, and recited the punishments meted out to the guilty chief, stated that life was given by God and could only be taken away by lawful authority, and forbids anyone enforcing the death penalty other than the Governor. Baum is sceptical about this – the proclamation is to be made known to everyone under British rule, but no Akim man could read it. Agyeman said that it brought him to money or clothes, so he was not impressed and said no-one should be told about it. Baum also comments that the Akim people like the British in the same way as the Jews liked the Romans. Baum also raises problems about slavery. He has in fact acquired a slave – the rumour about Atta’s twin brother has reduced Akim's trade to Accra, and he has had many slaves offered him for sale. He has bought one, a very strong man, for 28 1/2 Thaler; he comments that this is little money for a slave, and they need more people. The slave was told straight away on purchases that he would only have to work off the purchases price to be free, and he seemed to come into Baum’s possession willingly. A greater problem was presented by a woman slave who told Baum her master wanted her killed, and asked for baptism. In addition to the problem of what to do with a single dependent woman, what were the missionaries to do when someone sought refuge with them from the wrath of one of the kings? Furthermore, there was the problem that if the missionaries became known as a place of refuge, Baum thinks they would be overwhelmed with people the bulk of whom would not be grateful but think this was the missionaries’ duty. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..7 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Baum to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 22.07.1857 Proper date: 22.07.1857 Description An account of the resource Calls Gyadam a noisy town, and the Committee had said to him just before he left Basel “Now you must learn to be ill.” Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..8 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Hönger to Basel Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date early: 02.08.1857 Proper date: 02.08.1857 Description An account of the resource Describing the station at Gyadam says it is “negermässig”, i.e. after the fashion of a local hamlet – two huts were actually built, and a third was still only being built and was intended for the use of himself and Hönger. The plantation was simply a mass of work needing to be done. In the intervals of fever he was involved in furniture making, using as a bench a stump left after some of Süss’ tree felling. He had trouble getting the tools which Süss had used fit for use again, since they had so rusted. He comments that one of the things which made Gyadam so unhealthy for the missionaries was the fact that their local employees wanted to work so little, and so work devolved onto the missionaries. He was living in Gyadam in a house with no door or windows, an old piece of wax-cloth has to serve. He reports youths coming out of Gyadam to attend evening prayers, and help with the building of the house and the chapel. He also reports that when he was being carried back to Akropong alone and very sick (by carriers who had been sent out by the Akropong station), the carriers wanted to take him by a route not usually followed, but shorter, which passed through Asante territory. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context D-01.08.V..10 Subject The topic of the resource [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.08 - Ghana 1857: D-01.08.V. - Gyadam Title A name given to the resource Kromer''s Quarterly Report